Musaab Muhager2024-11-052024-11-052024-08https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12311/2194This dissertation investigates the persistent conflicts in Sudan with a focus on the regions of Darfur and the Nuba mountains to understand why these conflicts have not been resolved despite various efforts. The study outlines the historical, political, and socio-economic factors contributing to the conflicts as well as the roles of local, regional, and international actors. A qualitative research methodology was used which included document analysis, and interviews with key informants, and humanitarians. The research is grounded in conflict theory and political factors to provide a comprehensive analysis of the underlying causes and dynamics of the conflicts. Findings reveal that the unsolved nature of these conflicts is due to a combination of deeply established ethnic divisions, competition over resources, and political marginalization. The central governments policies, characterized by exclusionary governance and militarization have initiated tensions. Additionally, the involvement of regional powers and international actors has often been driven by strategic interests rather than a genuine commitment to peace leading to inconsistent and ineffective interventions. The study concludes that sustainable resolution requires having many sides to address the root causes of conflict, including inclusive governance, equitable resource distribution, and genuine reconciliation processes. It also highlights the need for coordinated international efforts that prioritize long-term peacebuilding over short-term political gains. This research contributes to the understanding of the long-time existence of conflicts in Sudan and provides recommendations for achieving lasting peace in Sudan.en