Eria Kisambira2025-06-102025-06-102025-06-05https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12311/2697Undergraduate dissertationThe examined the effects of oil and gas exploration activities on people’s livelihoods in the Albertine Graben in western Uganda Hoima District . With a growing focus on natural resource extraction in the region, understanding the implications of exploration activities on local communities' livelihoods is imperative for sustainable development. This was guided by the following objectives;- to characterize the dominant oil and gas exploration activities, to examine the effects of oil and gas exploration activities on people’s livelihoods, to analyze the mitigation measures by oil & gas companies, government, and non-governmental organizations against the adverse effects of oil and gas exploration activities on people’s livelihoods in Hoima. The Oil and Gas industry everywhere faces problems and challenges. However, in the developing countries, these difficulties and challenges are present alongside a general situation of socio-economic stress, chronic resource shortages, institutional weaknesses and a general inability to deal with the key issues. The researcher adopted a descriptive research design. This is done to identify and obtain information on the characteristics of a particular issue (Kothari, 2008). The sample involved 33 respondents and determined by Slovene’s formula. Findings indicate that the males were the most at 23(69.7%) with the females being the least at 10(30.3%). Results also indicates that government has conducted surveying of the land with mean 3.36 std.54 surveying is one of the oil and gas exploration activity taking place in Butiaba Sub country, 3.39 mean indicates that there is site clearance including the surrounding areas of communities in Butiaba sub county and it is what guided for the establishment of the oil and gas plant. The study also found out that livelihood sources were engaged in before and after commissioning of oil and gas exploration activities. Mean 3.48 indicated that people access to safe water for domestic use in the community. In summary, the exploration activities undertaken in Butiaba sub county have provided helpful insights into the region's geological composition and potential resource reserves. This entails strengthening oversight mechanisms to enforce compliance with environmental regulations and best practices, including rigorous environmental impact assessments (EIAs) throughout the exploration process.enThesis