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- These are Undergraduate Student Reports for UCU Science Students
Recent Submissions
LIFE AFTER SPORTS, EXAMINING UGANDA’S LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON SOCIAL SECURITY FOR ATHLETES.
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-05) KATENDE MATHIAS
The aim of this paper was to analyzeUganda’s legal framework on social security for athletes. The
pecuniary insecurity, paucity of career support, and limited access to social services. This study
vulnerable to financial instability post retirement. Comparative analysis with international
leveraging best practices from nations like USA, France, and Germany.
Recommendations are proposed to enhance Uganda’s athlete social security framework, including
support services. This research contributes to the development of a more efficacious athlete social
analyzing international practices, and proposing a meliorative recommendations. A doctrinal
significant deficiencies in providing comprehensive social security for athletes, rendering many
paradigms revealed opportunities for Uganda to fortify its athlete social security framework,
security framework in Uganda, promoting financial security and well being for athlete’s post
cessation of athletic careers precipitates a myriad of challenges for Ugandan athletes, including
scrutinized Uganda’s legal framework regarding athlete social security, identifying lacunae,
approach was employed, analyzing Uganda’s statutory framework, policies, and institutional
mechanisms governing athlete’ssocial security. Uganda’s extant legal framework exhibited
development of bespoke pension plans, institutional strengthening, and enhanced access to career
retirement.
FAIR USE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE ADEQUACY OF THE COPYRIGHT AND NEIGHBOURING RIGHTS ACT IN RELATION TO DIGITAL CONTENT
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-05) RUKUNDO ALVIN
This dissertation critically examines the adequacy of Uganda’s Copyright and
Neighboring Rights Act (CNRA) in addressing fair use within the evolving digital
landscape. With digital technologies transforming the production, distribution, and
consumption of content, the gap between the competing interests of copyright creators’
rights and public access seems to be growing. The study examines the fair use provisions
of the CNRA in the face of digital challenges, evaluates Uganda case law,
Angela Katatumba decision, and compares international approaches to copyright
limitations and exceptions. Findings suggest critical deficiencies in Uganda’s legal
regime such as minimal statutory direction concerning use of digital content and
enforcement of the law. The study ends with suggestions for law reform and judicial
interpretation in order to strike a balance and ensure that our copyright regime is
technology friendly and forward looking.
THE STUDY OF THE MANDATORY REGISTRATION OF SPORTS FEDERATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON SPORTS GOVERNANCE IN UGANDA.
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-30) Julius Kizza
This research investigates the legal and practical implications of the mandatory registration of sports federations in Uganda as introduced under the National Sports Act, Cap. 151. The study critically examines the licensing procedures established by the Sports Act and the National Sports Regulations, 2025, highlighting both the intended improvements in sports governance and the significant challenges experienced by National sports federations during implementation.
Through analyzing of the National Sports Act, Cap 151, National Sports Regulations, 2025 and available literature on the topic. The study assesses the role of the National Council of Sports (NCS) and evaluates the impact of the registration of sports federations.
Key findings reveal that while the Act promotes national character, corporate legal status, and standardized governance, it also imposes heavy financial, administrative, and logistical burdens, particularly for emerging or underfunded federations.
The research concludes that although the legal framework has the potential to professionalize Uganda’s sports sector, its effectiveness is hindered by implementation gaps, such as short compliance windows, lack of institutional support, and unrealistic coverage requirements.
The Study recommends a phased registration approach, fee restructuring, targeted government support and enhanced stakeholder engagement to ensure that the reforms genuinely strengthen sports governance and foster inclusive development across all sports disciplines.
MIRROR OF THE LAW GOVERNING ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS IN UGANDA
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-02) Amiyo Judith Laura
Electronic transactions are conducted through various platforms which have simplified
online business. This is premised to a dramatic increase in transaction and trades
performed electronically. The current laws under the commercial laws in Uganda, as
identified in this study, recognize the existence of online transactions. With the current
legislation, it is paramount that the existing legislation ought to cope with the speed
of technology with proper laws to guide such kind of development. The study guides
the reader in understanding the current structure of e-commerce and the proposed one
with their benefits and challenges. The study also discusses some cases and crimes
related to e-commerce and ICT which were directed to the court of law basing on the
national legislation of Uganda and the international framework of electronic
transactions at large. The study recommends modifications in the legislations.
An Analysis of the Compliance and Enforcement Mechanisms of the Uganda Wildlife Act
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-04) Busingye Ian
This dissertation provides a detailed evaluation of the compliance and enforcement
mechanisms of the Uganda Wildlife Act, Cap. 315 with a view of investigating how effective
they have been in promoting wildlife conservation efforts in Uganda and it suggests solutions
to the challenges arising out of the gaps in these mechanisms. Wildlife is the major foreign
income earner for Uganda and an important part of the biodiversity of the country with
significant ecological benefits to the environment. There however are a number of challenges
facing conservation efforts in Uganda including poaching and illegal wildlife trade which
negatively impact species populations for example lions. This dissertation therefore draws a
link between the challenges facing wildlife conservation efforts in Uganda and the gaps in the
compliance and enforcement mechanisms in the Uganda Wildlife Act; it then suggest how
best to close these gaps and solve these challenges.
RETHINKING AUTHORSHIP: THE INTERSECTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW IN UGANDA
(2025-06-21) Atuhaire Joel
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence is no longer a distant concept; it is actively reshaping how we create, communicate, and express ideas. As machines begin to generate music, art, literature, and code, the question at the heart of this dissertation is both simple and complex: Who is the author when the creator is not human? This study critically examines how Uganda’s intellectual property law responds to the evolving reality of AI-generated content and whether our current legal frameworks are prepared for this shift.
Drawing on Uganda’s Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, regional instruments, and international treaties like the Berne Convention, the research reveals a persistent reliance on human agency and intentionality, principles that are increasingly strained in an era of machine creativity. Through a comparative and doctrinal approach, the dissertation explores emerging legal models such as hybrid authorship, sui generis protections, and developer attribution, assessing their relevance and adaptability within Uganda’s unique socio-legal context.
The argument is not for abandoning tradition but for reimagining it. If Uganda is to meaningfully participate in the digital and creative economies of the future, it must rethink how it defines and protects authorship. This work, therefore, offers a grounded yet forward-looking contribution to ongoing conversations about intellectual property, technological change, and legal reform not only in Uganda but across the Globe. It invites scholars, lawmakers, and creators to consider a legal future that is both imaginative and inclusive
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS ON LABOUR IN UGANDA AND USA AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON WORKERS RIGHTS
(UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025-06-20) Awor Philomena Mildren
This research examines the legal and institutional frameworks on Labour in Uganda and the
USA, with an analysis on their impact on workers’ rights. The researcher thus adopted a desktop
research method and to come at conclusive findings. The study was guided by both general and
specific objectives which among others include to analyze the theoretical frameworks on labour
rights protection, to explore the international labour standards and best practices on the
protecting of workers rights, to analyze Uganda’s legal and institutional frameworks on labour
rights protection in comparison with USA labour protections standards
This study scores that both countries much as their development trends are not at the same pace,
they have legal and institutional system in place that help in governing the workers and their
rights such as protection against discrimination based on factors such race, sex, color name it,
regulation of working hours and leave both countries have laws that regulate minimum wage
although the specifics differ.
The study delves further into the existing mechanisms on the protection of workers’ rights at the
place of work. And the mechanisms for resolution of dispute which in both countries include
industrial courts in Uganda and the Equal Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and courts in the
USA which is a more developed system of labour law enforcement than that of Uganda which
is still developing.
The Researcher concludes that much as both countries do have a functional legal and
institutional framework and possesses numerous strengths, they do have weaknesses in their
Labour laws and regulations and has provided possible recommendations which include Uganda
strengthening its labour laws especially in the informal sector, enhancing collective bargaining
and worker organization and promoting capacity building on how to better promote fair labour
standards and protection of workers’ rights.
THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN UGANDA: AN EXAMINATION OF THE ROLEOFINTERNET INTERMEDIARIES
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-11)
The right to privacy in Uganda’s digital landscape faces increasing challenges due to the expanding role of internet intermediaries in compromising user privacy through data collection, surveillance, and inadequate security measures. This study examines the theoretical development of internet intermediary, exploring perspectives such as Actor-Network Theory, the Social Construction of Technology theory and the political economy of communication to understand the societal impact of privacy regulation. The objectives that guided the study were to discuss the theoretical
development of internet intermediaries, to analyze the legal framework governing data protection and online privacy in Uganda and to assess the role of intermediaries in data protection and privacy. The research analyzes key statutes such as the 1995 Constitution of Uganda, Data Protection and Privacy Act, Chapter 97, Laws of Uganda (RevisedEdition2023), Computer Misuse Act, Chapter 96, Laws of Uganda (RevisedEdition2023), Electronic Transactions Act, Chapter 99, Laws of Uganda (RevisedEdition2023), and Uganda Communications Act, Chapter 103, Laws of Uganda(Revised Edition 2023). While these laws establish foundational principles for data protection, gaps in consent provisions, enforcement mechanisms, and AI
regulation weaken their effectiveness. This study establishes that Uganda’s existing data protection measures are insufficient, necessitating urgent reforms such as strengthening data protection policies, improving user consent frameworks, promoting transparency, AI governance laws to ensure privacy rights are upheld. Uganda must develop tailored legislation to address these challenges, fostering greater accountability and ethical governance among intermediaries. By reinforcing regulatory structures, enforcement capacity, and user education, Uganda can establish a more secure and rights-based digital environment for its citizens.
THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN PROMOTING FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-04) NAKAMYA SHAMIM
This paper examined the role of Islamic banking in promoting financial inclusion and economic
development in Uganda. The fact that the concept of Islamic banking is a new one and therefore
known to a few, the primary objective of the research was to assess its effectiveness in
promoting financial inclusion and economic development in Uganda. The researcher adopted
a doctrinal research method to analyse the existing laws and literature and found that, Islamic
banking has the potential to address financial exclusion and improve access to financial
services as well as boost economic development. However, despite this, its adoption has been
sluggish with factors such as regulatory gaps, low awareness, misconceptions and lack of
Sharia’h knowledge, hindering its development. Consequently, the study recommends that
stakeholders launch public awareness campaigns about the role of Islamic banking in
promoting financial inclusion and economic development.
RIGHTS BASED CLIMATE LITIGATION IN UGANDA
(UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025-05-29) BYEGANJE CYNTHIA
Climate change is no longer a distant concern — it’s a pressing reality, affecting lives, livelihoods, and the very ecosystems we depend on. Uganda, while having solid laws like Article 39 of the 1995 Constitution and the National Environment Act, continues to struggle with deforestation, pollution, and extreme weather events that expose major governance gaps.
This dissertation explores whether rights-based climate litigation can actually work as a legal tool to enforce environmental rights in Uganda. Using a qualitative approach, it examines court decisions, local legal frameworks, international human rights treaties, and scholarly commentary to understand how climate-related cases are handled — and where the challenges lie.
The research digs into enforcement issues like judicial inconsistency, low public awareness, and costly legal processes. Notable Ugandan cases, like Greenwatch v. Golf Course Holdings Ltd, highlight the real-world barriers faced by litigants seeking justice. At the same time, global cases such as Urgenda Foundation v. Netherlands offer inspiration for what’s possible when courts actively protect environmental rights.
Ultimately, the study finds that while Uganda’s laws recognize environmental rights, making them work in practice requires more than legal text — it demands reform, judicial will, better access to justice, and grassroots involvement. The study ends with practical suggestions for lawyers, policymakers, and activists who want to make rights-based climate litigation a real force for change in Uganda.
THE IMPACT OF AI TECHINOLOGY GUIDED WEAPONS IN THE WAR ON GAZA.
(UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025-06-11) Nyibol Claire Arech
This study explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology-guided weapons on the observance of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) principles during the war in Gaza, with a focus on the 2023 Operation Swords of Iron. Through a detailed literature review and qualitative analysis of secondary data—including legal documents, scholarly articles, military reports, and satellite imagery—the research assesses how AI-guided weapons influence the principles of distinction, proportionality, necessity, and humanity in armed conflict. While proponents argue that AI enhances precision and minimizes collateral damage, findings reveal a significant gap between theoretical capabilities and real-world outcomes, particularly in densely populated areas like Gaza. The study identifies elevated civilian casualty rates and widespread infrastructure destruction, suggesting failures in upholding IHL principles despite the use of advanced AI targeting systems. These discrepancies highlight unresolved issues around accountability, legal oversight, and ethical deployment of AI in warfare. The research concludes with urgent calls for robust international regulation, enhanced human oversight, and mechanisms for post-conflict accountability to ensure that the use of AI in warfare aligns with humanitarian and legal standards.
PROTECTION OF SPORTS IMAGE RIGHTS IN UGANDA. THE EFFICACY OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-06-10) SEMAKULA SAULO
The Bell is Ringing, Aliker.M pg.233 Uganda in Retrospect “…Freedom is an abused word. But real freedom comes with a lot of responsibility. The British did most of the thinking and planning for us….” This is quoted from the Autobiography of the late Martin Aliker, a prominent legislator of Uganda who believed that most of the remnants of the British rule are getting phased out since Ugandans have failed to uphold the standard left behind by the former colonial masters.
Looking at Uganda retrospectively, it looks clear more than ever that our legal and legislative power is degenerating tremendously because the laws made today are incredibly hard to logically discuss as some are transplants from other nations. The famed Lord Denning would refer to that as the oak tree from Europe which would never grow the same in Africa like it did elsewhere.
The field of Sports in law is emerging and the rights that come with it are undoubtable. It’s important that Uganda should get braced for development and a future of wondrous developments in that area. The machinery of the British man needs to oiled or replaced with new functional implements which can serve as the incentive for the current and future development in sports as arena.
A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS ON THE REASONS FOR THE CONTINOUS OCCURENCE OF CASES OF SEXUAL HARRASMENT AT WORK AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE VICTIMS
(UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, 2025-05-21) MUKERA SHAKIRA
Sexual harassment remains one of the least acknowledged, yet common practices experienced within employment in Uganda. It takes the form of any sexual behavior whether intended or not that is viewed as offensive by the victim party. Until 2006, there had been no clear attempts developed in the combating of this practice which had consistently jeopardized the wellbeing and working life of employees as well as equality at the workplace. This gap raised concerns not only for the legal authorities but also for the employers and the aggrieved parties since there were no clear measures on how the subject was to be addressed. Henceforward with the later emergence and development of the legal regime on employment, fair means of protection were introduced towards combating this practice. To achieve this, these laws worked towards promoting equality of opportunity in employment as established under Article 40(a) of the Uganda Constitution and this involved creating fair employment grounds in as far as recruitment, promotion, remuneration and termination were concerned. However, despite signifying the importance of equality of opportunity towards combating sexual harassment, these laws have so far remained less progressive in achieving this objective. This is attributed to the many gaps existent therein and the poor enforcement mechanisms adopted in giving effect to these laws.
Therefore this research serves to show reasons for the continuous occurrence of sexual harassment at work places despite the existence of various measures prohibiting it and the effects it has on those who experience it
An Analysis of Accessibility and Enjoyment of the Right to Health of Persons with Disabilities. A Case Study of Mukono District.
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-28) Anna Miracle Kamwita
This study analyzes the accessibility and enjoyment of the right to health of persons with disabilities (PWDs) in Mukono District Uganda. It uses the qualitative approach and desktop research method, incorporating qualitative interviews among PWDs, their caretakers and healthcare workers. The research reveals that although Uganda has enacted legal frameworks about the right to health PWDs, significant gaps in physical accessibility, information accessibility, and stigma persist. The study therefore, recommends enhanced enforcement of disability laws, disability awareness programs for health workers, and infrastructural adaptations to promote inclusive healthcare environments.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SHORTCOMINGS OF THE GROWTH OF THE CAPITAL MARKETS IN UGANDA.
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-28) Twesigye, Bertha
This study examines the shortcomings of capital market growth in Uganda. The specific objectives were to identify the types of capital markets, assess the shortcomings of their growth, evaluate and critique the role of capital markets, and recommend steps and solutions to mitigate the challenges affecting capital markets. The study employs a desk review method, primarily focusing on secondary data collected, to analyze the legal, institutional, and socio-economic dimensions of the capital markets’ as regulated by the Capital Markets Authority. Additionally, the study examines the socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional factors that influence the implementation and outcomes of the Capital Markets Authority Act and provides recommendations for reform. The findings of this research are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders, informing evidence-based policy formulation that aims to strengthen Uganda's capital markets.
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN MITIGATING FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN UGANDA’S CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-28) Okitoi Edgar
This dissertation examines the role of corporate governance in mitigating financial distress within Uganda’s real estate and construction sectors. Financial distress in these sectors has been linked to poor management, weak governance, and adverse macroeconomic factors, which undermine business performance and sustainability. The study aims to analyze how effective corporate governance practices are such as risk management, board oversight, and strategic planning and how to improve financial stability and reduce the likelihood of distress. Using a desktop review approach, data were collected through a review of literature, financial reports from key firms in the sectors. Findings reveal that strong corporate governance frameworks enhance decision- making, transparency, and accountability, leading to improved financial outcomes and resilience against shocks. The research also highlights the critical role of financial institutions in supporting distressed firms through tailored financing and advisory services. The study concludes that embedding robust governance mechanisms is essential for the sustainable growth of Uganda’s real estate and construction industries, recommending policy interventions to strengthen governance standards and collaboration between regulators, firms, and financial institutions. This contributes to the broader understanding of governance as a tool for financial health in emerging markets.
THE LEGAL CHALLENGES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COPYRIGHT AND DATAPROTECTION LAWS IN UGANDA
(2025-05-27) KASUMBA JOHN DAVIS
The study investigated, mined, analyzed and educates the legal Challenges that artificial intelligence (AI) has posed on copyright and data protection laws in Uganda. The study based on the objective; To assess the adequacy of Uganda’s Copyright and Data Protection law in addressing AI-generated works. Data was collected between April and May 2025 using the sample strategy with questionnaire as the survey design to the stake holders in the Copyright and data protection field. The study finds that there is a high level of copyright infringement and data privacy breaches by Artificial Intelligence accompanied by a lower observance of the copyright and data protection laws by Artificial Intelligence Systems owners. The study addresses the human authorship issue that is negatively criticized and undermined by the Artificial Intelligence systems developers and generative AI users. The Liability concerns in AI copyright infringement issues have been ratified by the study identifying who is liable when AI infringes on copyright. The study explores the legal arguments brought about in litigation whether fair use is a defence to AI infringement of copyright and whether transformed generative AI works constitute to derivative works. The study is an education of AI-generated challenge to interpretation of the literal meaning of the traditional copyright principles. The study reviews all related and relevant literature about copyright law identifying the bridge between Generative AI and copyright law. The study is guide to the law reform commission, the parliament of Uganda and academic institutions in understanding in the challenges that Artificial Intelligence evolution is posing to copyright and data protection laws. The study discovered ignorance in the Ugandan populace about copyright and data protection law principles and Artificial Intelligence, therefore the study poses a challenge to the government bodies such as the Uganda Registration Service Bureau and the Uganda Communications Commission to educating the copyright law stake holders about Artificial Intelligence and Copyright and Data Protection. The study examines ethical considerations under the Data Protection laws obligating user consent and data collection by generative AI
Examining the Legal Implications of Medical Negligence Among Patients in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-27) Lynette Vanessa Nampijja
Medical negligence is an act committed by a health professional in which the treatment provided
Ugandan healthcare system. its explorers the extent to which patients are affected by negligent
The findings reveal that while Uganda has legal provisions intended to protect patient’s,
was below the standard that is expected. Medical negligence can be defined as breach of the duty
leading to frustrating situation where public trust is completely lost on medical service providers.
informed consent and standard of care in legal proceedings. By assessing the intersection of law
and medical ethics, the study highlights the importance of legal redress mechanisms for affected
The research analyses landmark court cases, statutory provisions, which evaluate the role of
systems in ensuring justice and promoting trust in healthcare delivery. There are also forms of
medical practices and analyses the adequacy of existing legal framework in addressing such issues.
enforcement remains limited. It further emphasizes the dual responsibility of the legal and medical
non-legal consequences. The incidences of medical negligence mostly go without any legal action
medical negligence that were indicated in the findings. The study concludes with recommendations
patients and the need for systematic reforms to minimize negligence and enhance patient safety.
of care by healthcare professional resulting into harm to patients which has significant legal and
The study therefore examines the legal implications of medical negligence on patients within the
aimed at resolving or reducing the cases of medical negligence in health centers.
Assessing the Legal Framework Governing Cross-border Electricity Trade in the East African Power Pool: An Analysis of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-23) Samora Tumushabe Ashaba
This dissertation analyses the legal frameworks that govern cross-border electricity trade within the East African Power Pool, with a particular focus on Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. With our sights on the Day Ahead Market, intended to be launched in 2025, this study assesses the current international, regional, and national laws governing cross-border electricity trade in order to evaluate how effective they are in facilitating the trade. This research offers insights into understanding the legal aspects of regional electricity trade and energy integration. Furthermore, this study is mainly based on a qualitative research approach through documentary analysis. Relevant legislation, policies, and academic writings were analysed, and this analysis produced the findings in this study. The study also provides for recommendations on how to fill the gaps in the existing legal regimes, for example, the need for specific laws addressing cross-border electricity trade, harmonising international, regional, and national legislation, among others. These recommendations offer insights for policymakers and key players involved in the electricity sector in East Africa.
A Legal Analysis on Curbing Money Laundering Through the Cashless Economy: A Case Study of Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-23) Prismas Ashaba
This research examines the legal analysis of the Ugandan legal frame work on curbing money laundering through the cashless economy. In Uganda the cashless economy is used though not on a large scale. Following the increase of money laundering cases in Uganda as per the FIA reports, I was encouraged to write this dissertation in regards to the cashless economy as a solution to curb money laundering. Looking at the current laws and technology advancements, the cashless economy is a way forward for Uganda and is a developing area that has made the developed countries to effectively curb money laundering. This research looks at how the cashless economy works, how it has evolved in other countries and how it actually curbs money laundering. The research covers the Ugandan laws, regional and international laws that implement this cashless economy showing how they have worked to curb money laundering and makes recommendations on how such practices can be implemented in Uganda so as to curb money laundering.