Bachelor of Business Administration - Main Campus

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The financial habits and their contribution to financial distress among the young adults enrolled in higher institutions in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-28) Nicole Kansiime
This study examined the relationship between the financial habits and their contribution to financial distress among the young adults enrolled in Uganda. The research was motivated by the continuous complaints and sayings by these young adults about how they are experiencing financial distress therefore the objectives of the study were to assess the students’ financial habits and explore the nature and extent of the financial distress that they experience and also establish the connection between these two factors. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data was collected using structured questionnaires which were then distributed to a sample of university students. The data was presented in tables and percentages for interpretation basing on results. The findings depicted that while many students may practice positive financial habits like budgeting, comparing prices, prioritizing school-related expenses and adjusting their lifestyles to fit their financial capacity, the challenges might remain in the sectors like consistent saving, following budgets and managing impulse spending. Financial stress emerged as a recurring concern among young adults while expressing worry about running out of money before the semester ends, meeting financial obligations and paying back loans. Some students tend to experience this distress which extended to missing meals, struggling to concentrate in class and feelings of anxiety or depression. The study further concluded that financial habits and financial stress are closely related since students with well-disciplined financial habits such as saving, budgeting and prioritizing needs reported relatively lower stress levels while weak financial practices were associated with higher levels of financial distress. The research recommends enhancing financial literacy programs within universities, promoting access to affordable financial support services and even encouraging peer or family discussions on money management to build resilience against financial distress.
Marketing psychology beyond consumerism: The future of capital building among Ugandan youth
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-28) Isaiah Opio
Uganda has one of the world's youngest populations (78% under 30), yet 64 to 70% of working-age youth are unemployed or underemployed, while advertising spending has surged 30%—with betting, fast food, and fashion brands dominating youth-targeted digital marketing. This study asked whether the psychological principles that drive consumption can be repurposed to promote saving, investment, and capital formation among Ugandan youth. Using a concurrent mixed-methods design, quantitative surveys were collected from Qualitative analysis 50 youth aged 18 to 30 in Kampala and Mukono, alongside 18 key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions. Findings show current marketing exploits triggers including social proof (4.2/5) and aspirational identity (4.1/5); betting ads were recalled by 64% of respondents, and 60% made purchases based on influencer recommendations. While 64% save, this occurs primarily through mobile money (40%) and informal groups (24%), with only 16% using formal institutions. A knowledge-action gap persists: 88% agree they should save more, yet present bias prevails ("enjoy life now" scores 4.0 vs. saving at 3.4). Four major barriers were identified through qualitative research including conflict of identities, mistrust in institutions, temptation of quick gains and peer pressure. Marketing psychology should be recognized as an untapped resource for enabling youths economically and can be reengineered to facilitate capital creation through identity-oriented marketing strategies, simple financial products, peer accountability and trusted online influencers.
Effect of budgeting practices on the performance of public entities in Uganda: a case study of the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-26) Trevor Solomon Kazibwe
This research looked at how budgeting practices impact the performance of the public entities with the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development serving as the case study. The research was informed by three particular objectives, which were to determine the impact of budget formulation, budget execution and budget monitoring and evaluation on the performance of institutions. The research used a descriptive correlational research design, which implies both qualitative and quantitative methods. A cross-sectional survey was carried out on the staff of MoFPED; The data collection involved structured questionnaires, interviews, and reviewing of documents. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (correlation, regression analysis) were used to analyze quantitative data whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The results showed that institutional performance is greatly influenced by budgeting practices. The performance was observed to be the most affected by the budget execution practices, then the budget formulation, and lastly, the budget monitoring and evaluation. The results of the regression showed that the budgeting practices are significant in that they explain a significant percent of the variance in the performance of the institutions, and therefore, they are important in improving efficiency, accountability, and service delivery. The research report concludes that the effectiveness of budgeting practices plays a crucial role in enhancing performance of public entities. It suggests the need to enhance budget execution processes, stakeholder involvement in budget making, and to increase the monitoring and evaluation systems in order to achieve efficiency in the use of public resources. The research also recommends that the future research should examine other issues that affect performance in the public institutions.
Ethical orientation and tax compliance among small business owners in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-25) Esther Leta Atsidri
The research investigated the impact of ethical orientation on the tax compliance level of small business owners in Uganda, specifically in the Municipality of Fort Portal. Tax noncompliance continues to be a significant problem affecting the operations of the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) in its efforts of raising revenue locally and improving service delivery. Whereas other factors such as administrative, enforcement measures, and tax knowledge have previously been explored in tax compliance research, the aspect of ethical orientation as an independent variable is relatively under-researched, especially concerning small businesses beyond Kampala. The study was premised on the Theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen (1991) and Moral Reasoning Theory by Kohlberg (1969), which assert that people's attitudes, moral perceptions, and perceived control can significantly influence their compliance intentions. The survey research approach was adopted, involving the use of structured questions based on five-point Likert summated rating scales for data collection from a census sample of 50 small businesses. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression using SPSS. There was a high positive relationship between ethical orientation and tax compliance (r = 0.777, p < 0.001). The results of multiple regression showed that both ethical orientation (β = 0.45, p < 0.001) and tax knowledge (β = 0.52, p < 0.001) had an important impact on tax compliance, accounting for 84.6% of the variability in compliance behavior (R² = 0.846). The type of business had a negative effect on compliance (β = -0.22, p = 0.023), while demographic factors like age, education level, and years in business did not significantly predict compliance. From this research, it can be seen that ethical orientation plays a crucial role in determining the degree of voluntary tax compliance among small business owners in Uganda. This means that URA and policymakers need to incorporate ethical principles and civic duty into tax education and public awareness programs. Combining morality with policy changes will lessen the need for expensive compliance strategies, encouraging voluntary tax compliance in Uganda.
Insurance uptake and risk-exposure perception in Arua City, Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-04) Bill Abe John Bakata
The present study assessed the correlation between perception of risk exposure and insurance coverage among people living in Arua City. Insurance plays an important role in as shielding people from financial shocks such as disease, theft, fire and economic fluctuations. Although there are insurance companies in Uganda, insurance coverage is very low, especially in secondary towns like Arua. The study aimed at establishing the relationship between risk exposure perception and the decision of Arua inhabitants to purchase insurance. Insurance plays a crucial role for both individuals and business organizations since it compensates for losses that may be incurred as a result of accidents, theft,or fire. However, buying insurance remains a luxury in Uganda. Cross-sectional design was used to collect information from 60 participants via structured questionnaires. This data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and logistic regression analyses. The results indicate that only 23 percent of respondents had insurance cover. While the respondents exhibited relatively high risk exposure, it did not lead to insurance uptake at all times. There was a moderate positive relationship between risk perception and insurance uptake( r = 0.56, p< 0.01). Trust in insurance companies had more influence on insurance uptake than risk perception. The conclusion drawn from the research is that insurance companies should increase trust and knowledge about their products in order to increase insurance adoption in Arua City
The role of mobile money in facilitating cross border trade and financial transactions among smalland medium enterprises: a case study Gulu City, Northern Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-15) Maria Gorretty Agenorwot
The research explores the effectiveness of mobile money in promoting cross-border trade and financial interactions among the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in Gulu City in Northern Uganda. Although mobile money has facilitated domestic financial interactions to a great extent, little is known about its efficiency in promoting international business in new regional hubs. It was intended to establish the effect of mobile money on international business activities as well as its challenges in doing so. The study adopted cross-sectional descriptive and analytical approach whereby 50 SMEs owners/managers involved in cross-border trade were identified and interviewed using semistructured questionnaires. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as correlation and regression methods to determine the relationship between mobile money and cross-border trade. It was established that mobile money contributes to the facilitation of cross-border trade through convenient payments, security and reduced use of cash. However, the full benefits of mobile money services are inhibited by high fees for cross-border transactions, lack of adequate digital skills by the service providers, unreliable internet connectivity in border areas as well as inconsistent regulations in different nations.Recommendations from this research indicate that both the government and financial regulators should align regional digital payments regulations so as to make transactions cheaper and easier. Additionally, there is a need for cooperation between financial firms and mobile operators in order to create customized services that raise transaction limits and foster consumer confidence. In regard to owners of small and medium-sized enterprises, the recommendation is to fully adopt digital bookkeeping practices.
Agency banking and financial performance of commercial banks: a case study of Stanbic Bank Mukono Branch, Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-15) Winnifred Atimango
The study aimed at establishing the impact of agency banking on the financial performance of commercial banks through the case study of Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited, Mukono Branch. The study was driven by the following objectives: To establish the impact of network expansion of agency banking on financial performance; To determine the impact of transaction volumes on financial performance, and To establish the impact of operating costs of agency banking on financial performance. The study adopted an explanatory research design that incorporated both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The study population consisted of 80 respondents drawn from the branch employees, agency bankers, and customers of Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited, Mukono Branch. It was found that all the three variables of agency banking had significant effects on financial performance. The variable of network expansion had a high positive correlation with financial performance (r = 0.652, p < 0.01), which was mainly achieved through greater mobilization ofdeposits (mean = 4.35) and acquisition of customers in peri-urban and rural areas (mean = 4.40). Transaction volumes were found to be the best predictor because they showed the highest positive correlation (r = 0.711, p < 0.01) and highest standardized beta coefficient (β = 0.471, p <0.01). The participants strongly concurred that high transaction volumes result in high fee-based incomes (mean = 4.45) and increases in deposit growth (mean = 4.30). Conclusion: Agency banking significantly improves financial performance, but the most important determinant is transaction volumes, followed by network expansion. Although operational costs have negative effects on performance, they are strategic investments for sustainable development.
Record keeping effectiveness and financial accountability in Mukono District Local Government
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-08) Vivine Safi Birungi
The research focused on studying the link between effective record keeping and financial accountability in Mukono District Local Government of Uganda. The research was prompted by the observation of ineffective record-keeping practices and their effects in terms of financial accountability issues, which were reported in various Auditor General Reports of the same district. The main objectives were to (i) analyze record-keeping practices in Mukono District Local Government; (ii) evaluate the financial accountability levels in Mukono District Local Government; and (iii) study the relationship between record-keeping effectiveness and financial accountability in Mukono District Local Government. For this research design, a cross-sectional correlational approach to the research methodology utilizing both quantitative and qualitative approaches was applied. Using a formula for Slovin, stratified random sampling of the selected respondents was done out of the entire sample population, which consisted of 180 respondents involved in accounting and finance management and accountability system practices. The instruments used in collecting the data in this research are: structured questionnaire, unstructured interview, and document analysis. Data analysis involves the use of SPSS version 26.0 for descriptive statistics, correlation, and linear regression. From the results, it can be concluded that record-keeping activities in Mukono District were moderately to highly performed, with a composite mean score of 3.42. However, there were some major shortcomings in record storage and protection, with a mean score of 3.19 and timeliness in record maintenance with a mean score of 3.28. Financial accountability was also moderately observed, with a composite mean score of 3.38. The poorest indicators in terms of financial accountability were audit performance, which had a mean score of 3.02, and budget discipline, which had a mean score of 3.21. According to Pearson's correlation analysis, there existed a highly positive relationship between record-keeping effectiveness and financial accountability, with r = 0.712 and p < 0.001. Also, regression analysis indicated that record-keeping effectiveness was a good predictor of financial accountability, with β = 0.684 and p < 0.001. The research established that improving the effectiveness of record keeping was an important factor for increasing financial accountability in the Mukono District Local Government. Some recommendations from the research included the adoption of electronic record keeping processes, capacity building through training of employees, improvement of internal audit processes, and adherence to financial policies and regulations. This would help minimize any financial irregularities.
The effect of corporate governance practices on performance of public universities in Uganda: a case of Kyambogo University
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-17) Patricia Mwiza
The study assessed the effect of corporate governance and performance of Kyambogo University. The the major study objectives were; to examine the role played by University Governance boards; to The findings revealed that corporate governance variables namely board size, had a negative effect on the relationships between corporate governance with regard to institutional performance were affecting their performances. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Corporate Governance practices on the involved at strategic planning process of the University to improve on their roles as board members which and senate should understand and make effective policies and decisions regarding employee benefits and performance of Kyambogo University (r = -0.516, p-value < 0.01) while board effectiveness have a positive establish the relationship between Board contingency and performance of public Universities; and to retirement plans. Good policies on terminal, medical and long service award; Boards also should be establish the relationship between corporate governance and performance of public Universities. The study recommended that to manage institutional turbulence like employee strikes or unrest, council collected, (Glass & Hopkins, 1984).Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used to determine the magnitude of study was carried out at a time when turbulences at Kyambogo University and other Public Universities performance of public Universities in Uganda with particular reference to Kyambogo University. And impact on firm performance (r = 0524, P-value<0.01). establish the relationship between Board effectiveness and performance of public Universities. ; to at Kyambogo University. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative designs to describe the data The study used a descriptive research design given the nature of the study of corporate governance practice events are in line with the mission and vision of the University.
The impact of debt financing on the financial performance of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Mukono District
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-06-10) Anthony Owade Odongo
The study looked at the effect of debt financing on financial performance of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises (SMMEs) in Mukono District, Uganda. In particular, the impact of bank loans, microfinance credit and trade credit on the most important financial performance measures such as profitability, liquidity and operational efficiency was examined. Cross sectional descriptive research design was employed, which was a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods. A sample of 158 SMMEs were identified with 57 of them actively involved in the study. Structured questionnaires and interviews were used to collect primary data and secondary data was collected from financial reports and literature search. The data were analyzed descriptively with SPSS and regression analysis. The results indicated that SMMEs in Mukono District have relatively high access to all types of credit with Trade credit the most accessible, Bank loans and the Microfinance credit. But, among all sources of financing, moderate cost burdens were linked with varying levels of restrictive conditions. The regression results showed that debt financing was significantly affecting financial performance (R² = 0.551). Of the financing sources, trade credit had the largest positive effect on financial performance (β = 0.362), bank loans (β = 0.298) and microfinance credit (β = 0.184). It is concluded that informal financing in terms of trade credit is the most dominant and important source of finance for manufacturing SMMEs while formal financing institutions have an important role in supporting SMME growth. It boosts liquidity, aids in working capital management and maintains day-to-day operations. The study suggests financial institutions to have more flexible lending practices, lessen the amount of collaterals and to create hybrid type financing, which combines flexibility in informal credit systems.
Electronic banking adoption on customer satisfaction: a case of Equity Bank Ntinda branch
(Uganda Christian Universty, 2026-04-21) David Byenkya
This study was undertaken to investigate the link that exists between electronic banking adoption and customer satisfaction, with specific attention paid to Equity Bank Ntinda Branch in Uganda. With the dynamic progress in digital technologies in recent times, banking institutions have increasingly adopted electronic banking systems such as mobile banking, internet banking, and ATMs in an attempt to enhance service delivery and satisfy customer needs. However, customer satisfaction levels have not been uniform due to problems related to system failure, security issues, and customer knowledge. The overall purpose of this study was to assess the impact of electronic banking adoption on customer satisfaction. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the impact of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust and security on customer satisfaction. This study used a cross-sectional study design, where the respondents were customers of Equity Bank Ntinda Branch. The data collection tools used for this study were structured questionnaires, which were then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the study, it was revealed that ease of use greatly increases customer satisfaction since the customer prefers to use systems that are not complicated and are very easy to use. The study also revealed that the usefulness of the system has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, as the customer prefers to use systems that help them perform tasks in a very efficient way and in the least time possible. Moreover, the study revealed that trust and security are very important factors in influencing customer satisfaction and loyalty, as the customer prefers to use electronic banking systems when they feel that their financial details are safe. However, the study also reveals some major challenges affecting customer satisfaction, and some of them are related to internet connectivity, failure of transactions, and security risks in cyber world. The study concludes that, although electronic banking plays a critical role in ensuring customer satisfaction, success in this regard is largely dependent on the reliability and security of the system, as well as the awareness of the users. It is recommended that banks need to invest more in their technology infrastructure and also educate their customers to enhance their experience. The findings of this study are critical to the management of banks, policymakers, and scholars in their quest to understand how to enhance financial inclusion in Uganda.
Loan recovery techniques and financial performance of SACCOs: a case study of Sebei Farmers' SACCO
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-08) Jesse Chemusto
This study examined the effect of loan recovery techniques on the financial performance of Sebei Farmers' SACCO in Kapchorwa District, Uganda. The study was guided by three specific objectives: to establish the effect of proactive reminders on financial performance, to establish the effect of loan rescheduling on financial performance, and to assess the effect of legal action on financial performance. A cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach was employed. The target population consisted of 3,525 individuals (3,500 members and 25 staff), from which a sample of 384 respondents was selected using Yamane's formula. Stratified sampling was used for staff (purposive, n=25) and members (simple random, n=359). A structured questionnaire measured loan recovery techniques and perceived financial performance on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multiple regression) via SPSS version 26. The response rate was 76 percent. The study found that proactive reminders had the strongest positive correlation with financial performance (r = 0.412, p < 0.01), followed by loan rescheduling (r = 0.384, p < 0.01), with legal action having the weakest but still significant correlation (r = 0.156, p < 0.01). The regression model was significant (F = 84.294, p < 0.001), with the three techniques explaining 46.8 percent of the variation in financial performance (R Square = 0.468). Proactive reminders had the largest contribution (β = 0.324, p < 0.001), followed by loan rescheduling (β = 0.286, p < 0.001), and legal action (β = 0.102, p < 0.05). The study concluded that proactive reminders are the most effective loan recovery technique, followed by loan rescheduling, while legal action is least effective due to cost concerns. The SACCO should prioritize proactive reminders, improve rescheduling policies to consider seasonal agricultural income patterns, and reserve legal action for deliberate default cases only
Evaluating the effectiveness of the government initiative in Uganda (PDM) in providing financial support to vulnerable populations in Kapchorwa District
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-11) Barbra Chekwech
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Parish Development Model (PDM) in providing financial support to vulnerable populations in Kapchorwa District. The study was guided by the following objectives: to assess the accessibility of PDM financial support to vulnerable populations, to assess the utilization of PDM financial support by vulnerable populations, to assess the impact of PDM financial support on the livelihoods of vulnerable populations, and to assess the challenges encountered in the implementation of PDM financial support. The study used a mixed research design. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of the study were used to assess the effectiveness of the Parish Development Model in providing financial support to vulnerable populations in Kapchorwa District. The quantitative and qualitative aspects of the study were used to assess the effectiveness of the Parish Development Model in providing financial support to vulnerable populations in Kapchorwa District. The results indicated that the majority of the beneficiaries felt that the PDM financial support was accessible and effective in enhancing household income, economic confidence, and livelihood resilience. The statistical results indicated a strong positive relationship between the utilization of the funds and the livelihood outcome. However, challenges such as delayed disbursement, funding adequacy, and implementation inconsistencies were established. From the conclusions that can be drawn from the research, it is evident that PDM has had a positive impact on the lives of the vulnerable population in Kapchorwa District. However, there is a need to enhance the timeliness of the fund disbursement, training, and monitoring to improve the effectiveness of the program. From the research that was conducted, it is evident that the PDM program can be effective in enhancing the lives of the vulnerable population in Kapchorwa District.
The implementation of the parish development model and its role in poverty reduction: a case study of goma division, Mukono municipality”
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-08) Jane Lenny Nasira
The study was inspired by the continued existence of poverty and lack of income security even after government interventions. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of PDM revolving funds in promoting income generation, evaluate enterprise development projects, and identify difficulties in implementation. A descriptive and analytical approach through a case study design was employed where both quantitative and qualitative research techniques were applied. Eighty respondents, including household beneficiaries, parish committee members, and municipal authorities, were interviewed and asked to complete questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS software, whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. It was found that the program has been successful in improving household living standards with regard to the fulfilment of basic requirements, payment of school fees, and access to medical care. Also, there have been increased cases of income generation and asset acquisition. Some of the problems facing the implementation of the project include delayed release of funds, insufficient funding, poor monitoring, political involvement, and lack of business skills. The study concludes that while PDM is capable of helping to enhance income generation and alleviate poverty, implementation difficulties limit its effectiveness.
The effect of internal controls on tax compliance in organization
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-16) Mercy Laureen Nakimbugwe
This study investigated the effect of internal controls on tax compliance inorganizations, focusing on Link Bus Services Ltd in Uganda. Despite the presence of internal control systems, many organizations continue to face challenges such as inaccurate tax declarations, delayed filings, and penalties. The study specificallyexamined the influence of record-keeping practices, segregation of duties, and internal audits on tax compliance. The study employed a descriptive research design with a population of 40 employees of the company, however, only 38 employees responded to the questionnaires which gave the study a 95% response rate. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from the employees. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between the practice of maintaining good record keeping and tax compliance within the organizations (β = 0.206, p = 0.037). Furthermore, the practice of conducting internal audits within an organization was also significantly positively related to the taxpayers’ compliance with the country’s tax laws (β = 0.265, p = 0.029). While a positive relationship was found between the segregation of duties within an organization and tax compliance, such a relationship was not statistically significant (β = 0.165, p = 0.063). The internal control measures analyzed in this study accounted for 19.3% of the total variation in the taxpayers’ compliance with the country’s tax laws. Recommendations for improvement in the taxpayers’ compliance with the country’s tax laws include improving record keeping practices within the organizations, providing training to the employees on these record keeping practices, and improving the organization’s internal audit functions. These findings will be of benefit to the managers of the organizations, the policymakers of the country,and the Uganda Revenue Authority as they seek to develop effective strategies to improve tax compliance within the taxpayer population of the country.
Book keeping and financial performance of small-scale enterprises in rock city trading center Juba city
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-23) Annet Elias Meling
This paper explores the connection between financial performance and book keeping practices in Small-Scale Enterprise (SSEs) in the informal economy of South Sudan with reference to Rock City Trading Centre in Juba. Considering SSEs as important and at the same time fragile agents of job creation and poverty alleviation, the study will discuss the high failure rates often blamed on poor financial management. Quantitative data were gathered by using a case study design where a structured questionnaire was used to enter data on 35 SSE owners who were sampled using simple random sampling. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, as well as multiple linear regression. The demographic analysis showed a young, average level of education, and population that is mainly involved in retail and services activities with majority of the businesses being 1-6 years old. The results show that the perceived financial performance has a positive and significant relationship with the bookkeeping practices. Each of the three independent variables showed a strong predictive power as the entire model explained 44.6 percent of the variance in the financial performance. It had the greatest impact on accounting information (accuracy,timeliness, and relevance) ( 0.508, p 0.001), then on the accounting standards ( 0.343, p0.010) and account reconciliation ( 0.245, p 0.043). Although the benefits of such practices were highly rated by the owners of the SSE, the practicality of the implemented practices including the practice of reconciliation was more moderate, which reflected the disparity between the awareness and the actual performance.The paper has determined that systematic bookkeeping is a repercussion, high-impact lever to improve the financial sustainability of SSEs within Juba informal sector. It suggests that the owners of SSE must focus on producing quality financial information and use routine practices of reconciling them. Support organisations and policymakers are supposed to come up with specific training programmes which are simplified. Such interventions may contribute to bridging the gap in implementation that may contribute to fewer business failures and build the supporting position of SSEs in South Sudan economy.
Financial risk management and sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises: a case study of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nakasero, Kampala district
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-23) Vanessa Nankabirwa
This study investigated the relationship between financial risk management and the sustainability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nakasero, Kampala District. The research was driven by the persistent challenge of high failure rates among SMEs due to inadequate risk identification and mitigation strategies. The specific objectives were to examine the effect of risk identification, assessment, mitigation, and monitoring on the long-term sustainability of these enterprises. A correlational research design was employed, utilizing a quantitative approach to collect data from a sample of 152 SME owners and managers. Data was gathered using structured questionnaires and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondent characteristics, while inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, were used to test the research objectives.There is an evident positive correlation between financial risk management and the sustainability of SMEs. In addition, the use of regression analysis showed that the financial risk managementpractices explain the variations in the sustainability of SMEs in Nakasero. Most firms conduct a simple environmental scan; however, most of them do not have insurance coverage or any funds set aside for emergencies. The study therefore shows that proper financial risk management plays a vital role in determining the performance of businesses. It is therefore advisable that SME owners embrace financial planning and seek appropriate training to develop their skills in financial risk management. Additionally, the study recommends that policymakers and other regulatory bodies devise measures aimed at improving the financial literacy of the owners as well as offering them financial advice to ensure their sustainability.
The impact of E-marketing on consumer decision-making: a case study of Kampala District
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-06-24) Doreen Aijuka
The proliferation of digital technologies has fundamentally reshaped marketing practices, positioning e-marketing as a central driver of consumer decision-making processes. This study examines the impact of e-marketing on consumer behavior, with particular emphasis on how digital channels influence the stages of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. E-marketing tools such as social media platforms, Search Engine Optimization (SEO), email marketing, and online advertising have enhanced firms’ ability to reach and engage consumers in real time (Chaffey & Ellis-Chadwick, 2019). Drawing on established consumer behavior theories, including the Consumer Decision-Making Process, the study explores how factors such as online reviews, electronic word-of-mouth (e- WOM), personalization, and website usability significantly influence consumer perceptions and purchase intentions (Kotler & Keller, 2016; Hennig-Thurau et al., 2004). The findings indicate that e-marketing increases information accessibility and convenience, thereby reducing search costs and enhancing decision efficiency. However, challenges such as information overload, privacy concerns, and issues of trust and credibility may negatively affect consumer confidence in digital platforms (Tiago & Veríssimo, 2014). The study adopts a conceptual and analytical approach, synthesizing existing literature to assess the extent to which e-marketing strategies shape consumer decision outcomes.
The impact of digital currencies on traditional banking systems, evidence from lira district
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-18) Toli Larry Andrew
The emergence of numeral coins including cryptocurrencies apart from numerical coins issued by the central banks, has brought about some form of change in the monetary environment. The paper analyzes the complicated impact of digital currency on conventional financial systems while considering the opportunities and challenges. The paper starts by examining the history behind the development of numeral coins with focus being placed on its technological foundations as well as the dynamic role of adoption. While analyzing the advantages of numerals coin to the financial industry, it includes increased financial inclusion, efficient and cheaper cross-border transactions, and better transparency courtesy of the mass data analytics. On the downside, this paper critically analyzes the difficulties experienced by conventional financing institutions as a result of the introduction of numeral coins. This includes the disintermediation issue, operational risks, and potential machine malfunctions vis-à-vis monetary policies. In essence, the focus of the paper is on the dynamics of the numeral coin revolution and its context within the need for stability, security, and healthy competition. The analysis undertaken is balanced since it considers actual occurrences in different nations as well as some financial institutions. Insights gained from interactions with the manufacturers, strategists, and experts on investments help contribute to knowledge on how the interaction between the two takes place. Furthermore, future considerations on how the relationship between digital currencies and the investment market will develop are included in the syllabus of this course. Both the relationship and interaction of both currencies are studied, including the evolution of lending platforms because of the disruptive nature of the digital currency. Overall, it is intended that this paper contributes to findings to help generate a reliable analysis of the effects of digital currencies on traditional investments. This topic falls under the larger question of how to deal with investment in the age of digital currency.
The influence of social media on fashion among the youth in the fashion industry case study of Uganda Christian university students
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-18) Lydia Obuni Mociruku
Social media has disrupted how people consume fashion all over the world. Sites like Tiktok, Instagram, and WhatsApp are platforms where consumers seek fashion inspiration, learn about trends and purchase products endorsed by influencers. This pattern is common across Generation Z worldwide. Social media platforms impact fashion consumption patterns in Uganda through increased mobile internet penetration and the country’s youthful demographics. Research on how social media affects fashion consumption among youths in East Africa is scant. Available literature focuses on the West and Asia. The aim of the study was to explore how social media influences fashion among undergraduate students of Uganda Christian University (UCU). Objectives were to establish what platforms students used and how often they used them to follow fashion. Secondly, the study sought to determine the correlation between social media following and students’ style preference. Finally, the research investigated how purchases are influenced by social media influencers compared to fellow students. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional descriptive design and was approached with mixed methods. Ninety undergraduate students of Uganda Christian University (UCU) participated in the study. Data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire given out physically and through electronic means. Quantitative data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 27, utilizing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and dependent t-test. Tiktok (25.6%) and WhatsApp (23.3%) were the two most used platforms. Social media following correlated positively but insignificantly with student’s style preference (r = 0.174, p =.101). Students’ fashion purchases were significantly influenced by influencers than fellow students(M=3.08 vs M=2.31; t(89) =8.31, p < .001). In conclusion, based on the findings, social media conditionally influences UCU students’ fashion behavior. Although students use social media platforms to follow fashion trends, there was no significant influence of social media following on their style preference. This can be attributed to conditioned factors unique to UCU inhibiting social media from having full behavioral authority. This includes institutional rules, cultural practices, and students’ financial capabilities. Students’ social proof weighed less when compared to influencers. Keywords: Social media, fashion consumption, influencer marketing, Generation Z

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