Bachelor of Science in Economics and Statistics

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Determinants of financial behavior among households in Uganda: An empirical analysis of Parish Development Model exposure
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-06-23) Lucia Malesh Aniende
In the study, the determinants of financial behavior of households in Uganda were explored, especially the impact of exposure to the Parish Development Model (PDM). This study used a quantitative research design and analysed survey data from 1576 households to explore how PDM exposure, access to credit and their savings status interacted with household headship. The empirical analysis was based on linear regression models to measure the effect of such factors on financial outcomes. The findings showed that sub regional classification and male headship status were statistically significant predictors for all models. The overall explanatory power, however, was still quite low, indicating the presence of other latent socioeconomic factors. All the variables were tested for multicollinearity as part of the diagnostic testing, which showed no multicollinearity, ensuring the robustness of the estimates. The study found that exposure to PDM had a statistically significant effect on participation in household financial decision making, which was used to inform policy adjustments, and provide empirical evidence to support the policy changes, that would enhance financial inclusion and economic outcomes of rural households in Uganda. This will be achieved by using a set of keywords: Financial behavior, Parish Development Model, household saving, credit access, Uganda, financial inclusion.
Socio-economic determinants of household food security in Uganda: an econometric analysis of the UNHS 2023/24 dataset
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-06-11) Timothy Loyo
Food insecurity remains a persistent development challenge in Uganda, affecting approximately four in ten households. While previous studies have identified income, education, household size, and asset ownership as important determinants, they have largely relied on caloric intake or hunger-experience indicators (e.g., HFIAS) that do not capture dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy. Furthermore, most existing studies report average effects without testing for heterogeneity across regions or between urban and rural areas, and none have directly compared the explanatory power of Sen’s Entitlement Approach (income and assets) versus Becker’s Household Production Theory (education) within a single model. This study examines the socio-economic determinants of household food security in Uganda using the Food Consumption Score (FCS), a multidimensional measure of dietary diversity, and the latest Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2023/24 sub-sample of 1,527 households (weighted population 926,574). A generalised ordered logit (partial proportional odds) model was estimated with cluster-robust standard errors and sampling weights to account for the complex survey design. Average marginal effects (AMEs) were computed for the probability of achieving acceptable food security.The results show that 73.6% of households have acceptable food security, 21.4% borderline, and 5.0% poor. Income is the only main independent variable statistically significant at the 5% level: a 1% increase in income is associated with a 0.000128 (0.0128 percentage point) increase in the probability of acceptable food security (p < 0.001), supporting Sen’s Entitlement Approach. Secondary education is marginally significant at the 10% level (p = 0.080), and its association appears indirect via income. Adult-equivalent household size shows a positive borderline association (p = 0.052), contrary to the resource dilution hypothesis. Asset ownership is not significant (p = 0.293). Married heads, female heads (after income control), and urban residence show positive supplementary associations. Regional disparities are enormous: the predicted probability of acceptable food security ranges from 89% in Ankole to 43% in Karamoja.The study concludes that income is the most robust correlate of dietary diversity, while education and assets operate indirectly. Policies should prioritise income-raising interventions combined with complementary programmes and geographically targeted strategies, especially for Karamoja. The Parish Development Model should consider regionally differentiated allocations and support for vulnerable unmarried heads and female-headed households. Keywords: Food security, Food Consumption Score (FCS), socio-economic determinants, household income, Uganda, UNHS 2023/24, ordered logit, marginal effects .
Entrepreneurship and graduate unemployment in Lira city west
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-06-10) Jenny Mirriam Atedo
Graduate unemployment remains a persistent challenge in Uganda, where universities produce approximately 700,000 graduates annually yet only about 90,000 secure formal employment. In Lira City West, limited industrial activity and a narrow formal private sector have pushed many graduates into entrepreneurship as a survival strategy. This study examined entrepreneurship as a coping strategy for graduate unemployment in Lira City West, focusing on the extent of engagement, the factors influencing participation, the economic outcomes realized, and the challenges encountered. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with data collected from 35 unemployed graduates using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and chi-square tests at a significance level of α = 0.05. Four null hypotheses were tested. The study concluded that entrepreneurship is the dominant livelihood coping strategy for unemployed graduates in Lira City West, generating modest but meaningful economic improvements under challenging structural conditions. The study recommended targeted financial product innovation by lending institutions, restructuring of government youth entrepreneurship programs, and curriculum reform in higher education to prioritize practical entrepreneurship training.
Determinants of Health Expenditure Among Ugandan Households
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-06-05) Nancy Mark Oleyo
The analysis in this study focused on the determinants of household health expenditure among Ugandan households based on data obtained from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2023/2024. This study specifically examined the impact of household income, employment and health insurance status on the health expenditure of the household. This study employed a quantitative cross sectional research design which was based on secondary data from Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS). Correlation analysis, descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis were performed between the study variables using STATA. The results indicated that the household income is positively and significantly affecting the household health expenditure suggesting that the higher the level of income, the higher the amount of health expenditure of a household. Employment and health expenditure were positively related but not statistically significant while the negative relationship between health insurance and health expenditure was not statistically significant. The results also revealed a positive relationship between age and health expenditure while there was no statistically significant relationship between household size and health expenditure. The study finds that household income is the most significant factor affecting household health expenditure among the Ugandan households. The study suggests that there is a need to enhance policies that reduce household food insecurity to better access food, expand access to affordable health care services and increase household health insurance coverage to lower the financial costs of accessing health care for households in Uganda. The topics of interest are Household health expenditure, Household income, Employment status, Health insurance, and Uganda, UNHS 2023/24.
Economic Gender Parity in the Informal Sector: A Case of the Kiko Market, Mukono Municipality
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-28) Jennifer Mwamisa
The study examined economic gender parity in the informal sector with specific focus on Kiko Market, Mukono Municipality, Uganda. The study was guided by three specific objectives: to compare physical market placement between men and women vendors in terms of the type of operating space secured; to measure inventory turnover rates as a sales performance indicator by comparing how frequently men and women vendors restocked their primary trade commodities per week; and to assess tangible business growth by determining the proportion of men and women vendors who expanded their product lines within the past twelve months. The study adopted a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design. A sample of 375 respondents was drawn from a total vendor population of 2,500 using stratified random sampling proportional to gender composition. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests of association, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS Version 26. Findings on physical market placement revealed a profound and statistically significant disparity: 70.8% of male vendors occupied permanent lock-up stalls compared to only 6.1% of women, while 42.9% of women traded in open ground or unshaded areas compared to 0% of men (χ² = 189.391, p < 0.001). Findings on inventory turnover revealed a directional gap in weekly restocking frequency with male vendors recording a higher mean score (3.22) than women (2.78), though the difference did not reach statistical significance at the 0.05 level (t = -1.671, p = 0.096). Structural Likert-scale items revealed that women experienced significantly higher working capital constraints (mean = 4.48 vs. 2.00 for men) and time poverty from domestic labour (mean = 4.47 vs. 1.56 for men). Findings on product diversification revealed the largest gender gap: 66.9% of male vendors expanded their product lines in the past twelve months compared to only 19.2% of women (χ²(1) = 82.223, p < 0.001). Correlation analysis identified significant relationships between stall equity and diversification (r = .447, p < .001), working capital constraints and diversification (r = -.442, p < .001), and time poverty and diversification (r = -.460, p < .001). The study concluded that significant, structural, and statistically robust economic gender disparities existed at Kiko Market across all three dimensions. The study recommended that Mukono Municipal Council should prioritise construction of affordable permanent stalls with xiii transparent gender-responsive allocation guidelines; Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) credit histories should be linked to formal financial systems; gender-targeted financial literacy training should be established for female vendors; and enforceable stall allocation guidelines should be developed and implemented at the municipal level.
The effect of balance of payment components on exchange rate dynamics in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-25) Isaac Kalyango
The study assesses the short and long-run impact of the components of the Balance of Payments (BOP) on the exchange rate dynamics in Uganda for quarterly data from 2014Q1 to 2024Q4 (n=44 observations). The study is driven by the fact that Uganda has been facing persistent current account deficits (CA deficit) averaging at 7.9 percent of GDP during the study period, the choice of floating exchange rate regime by Bank of Uganda, the frequent foreign exchange shortage crises, and the imminent transition to commercial oil production. In combination, these factors make a case for using exchange rate stability as the core focus of macroeconomic policy. The study uses an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to estimate an ARDL(3,3,3,3) error-correction model of the log nominal UGX/USD exchange rate (lnNER) using three regressors retained after conducting the tests for multicollinearity namely, net exports as a percentage of GDP (NX), net Foreign Direct Investments as a percentage of GDP (FDI), and consumer price inflation (INF). The volatility properties are analysed following a GARCH(1,1) specification, while the dynamics between the variables are explored by a VAR(2) specification of the variables, and pairwise Granger causality tests. The bounds test confirms the cointegration (F = 4.819, higher than the upper critical bound of the 5 per cent for the test). The error correction term (ECT) is statistically significant and correctly signed, and means that around 18.6 percent of any short-run imbalance is corrected in each quarter, with the complete adjustment taking place in about 5.4 quarters. Also, in the short run, FDI appreciates by two quarters, which is in line with the portfolio balance theory (coefficient = −8.158, p = 0.003), whereas lagged inflation causes depreciation (coefficient = 0.011, p = 0.024), consistent with the Purchasing Power Parity hypothesis (PPP) that higher inflation erodes the external value of currency. The GARCH(1,1) estimates suggest α + β = 1.043, suggesting that the volatilities are nearly always present due to episodic shocks to external factors, in particular the depreciation in 2015, the COVID-19 disruption and the global surge in commodity prices in 2022. The Granger causality results show that inflation has a significant effect on the causality of net exports (χ² = 7.384, p = 0.025) and has strong bidirectional relationship with NX and INF, and weaker bidirectional relationship with NX and exchange rate, but none of the individual BOP variables Granger-causes lnNER at the conventional significance level, which supports the exchange-rate disconnect literature. The residuals diagnostics show that the model is adequate (Breusch–Godfrey p = 0.189, White p = 0.427, Jarque–Bera p = 0.508, Ljung–Box p = 0.109). The results indicate that the Bank of Uganda needs to adopt a coordinated policy mix of export diversification, inflation targeting and prudent management of foreign reserves to stabilise the shilling in the country's transition to becoming an oil producer.
The effect of access to improved water and sanitation on household welfare: Case study evidence from UNHS 2023/2024
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-25) Brenda Nabaasa
This study examined the association between access to improved water and sanitation and household welfare in Uganda using data from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2023/2024. Specifically, the study analyzed the association between access to improved drinking water, improved sanitation facilities, shared sanitation facilities, and time spent collecting water and household welfare. Household welfare was measured using welfare quintiles derived from household consumption expenditure. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design using secondary nationally representative data from 13,547 households. The effect of education level, region, place of residence, household size, and sex of the head of the household was controlled for in the estimation of an ordered logistic regression model. All sampling weights and design adjustments have been used to guarantee that estimates are nationally representative. The results showed that improved drinking water and improved sanitation facility availability had positive and significant relationships with household welfare. Households with improved drinking water and sanitation had higher odds of belonging to higher welfare quintiles compared to households without such access. Time spent collecting water for more than 30 minutes was negatively associated with household welfare, suggesting that long water collection times are linked to reduced opportunities for productive and income-generating activities. The findings for shared sanitation were mixed. In the full sample, shared sanitation was positively associated with household welfare, largely reflecting urban households living in formal shared residential settings with relatively better facilities. However, subgroup analysis revealed negative associations in some disadvantaged contexts, particularly where congestion and poor sanitation conditions were more prevalent. The study concludes that improved access to safe water and sanitation services is strongly associated with better household welfare outcomes in Uganda. However, since the study relied on cross-sectional survey data, the findings should be interpreted as associations rather than definitive causal relationships. The study recommends increased investment in rural water infrastructure, improved sanitation programs, and reduction of water collection time through expansion of nearby safe water sources. Policies should also focus on improving the quality, hygiene, and management of shared sanitation facilities, particularly in densely populated and low-income areas where congestion and poor sanitation conditions may reduce household welfare.
Determinants of mobile money adoption in Uganda: Evidence From UNHS 2023/24
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-25) Daniel Raphael Genrwoth
This study analysed the determinants of mobile money adoption among Ugandan adults using data from the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2023/24. The analytical sample included 3,704 adults aged 16 years and above. A survey-weighted logit model with average marginal effects was estimated to examine the influence of education, household wealth, mobile phone ownership, age, sex, rural residence, and sub-region. Mobile phone ownership emerged as the strongest predictor, raising the probability of adoption by 47.5 percentage points. Completing secondary education or higher increased adoption probability by 13.3 percentage points, while primary education increased it by 8.1 percentage points. Each step up the wealth quintile was associated with a 3.9 percentage point increase. Women were 10.8 percentage points less likely to adopt than men, with a larger gap in rural and poorer households. Rural residence was not statistically significant after controlling for other factors. The findings indicate that phone access, education, economic resources, and gender remain the key barriers to mobile money adoption in Uganda’s mature market. The study recommends policies targeting handset affordability, digital literacy, and gender-sensitive interventions to promote greater financial inclusion.
The inflationary effects of elections: political business cycles in Uganda (2010 – 2024)
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-25) Elvis William Segawa
The study examined the inflationary effects of elections in Uganda, using 60 quarterly observations from 2010Q1 to 2024Q4, which represent three presidential elections (2011, 2016 and 2021). To account for both the long-run relationship and the causal pathway between electoral cycles, fiscal deficits, money supply growth, and inflation, an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Error Correction Model (ARDL-ECM) was estimated along with Toda-Yamamoto Granger non-causality test.The ARDL Bounds Test gave a result of cointegration at 1 per cent significance level (F-statistic = 5.225). The quarterly model accounted for 96.25% of the inflation (R² = 0.962) in Uganda. An important discovery was that inflation was not only kept low during the election quarter (Q1, January–March of election years), but that it jumped substantially in the second quarter of election years (April-June), as post-election fiscal loosening was accompanied by monetary expansion. Broad money supply growth (LN_MSG) was the dominant long-run driver of inflation (coefficient = 13.554, p = 0.002). The Error Correction Term of -0.244 (p = 0.002) confirmed that 24.4% of quarterly deviations from the long-run equilibrium were corrected each quarter. The Granger causality analysis confirmed that Fiscal Deficit (FD) drove LN_MSG (χ² = 10.193, p = 0.001), LN_MSG and inflation reinforced each other bidirectionally, and inflation fed back into fiscal deficits through the Olivera-Tanzi effect. All post-estimation diagnostics confirmed model reliability.The findings confirmed that Uganda exhibited a conditional Political Business Cycle in which electoral incentives generated temporary price suppression in the election quarter followed by inflationary surges in the post-election quarter. The study recommended binding pre-election fiscal rules and pre-emptive monetary policy protocols for the Bank of Uganda.
Factors that affect pricing of secondary schools in Uganda. An econometric anlysis using UNHS data 2023/2024
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-11) Victor Kaheeru
This study examined the,” Factors that Determine Pricing of Secondary Schools in Uganda and the main aim was to examine the factors that determine pricing of secondary schools in Uganda. This study concentrated on specifically secondary schools within different regions of Uganda such as Buganda, Teso, Karamoja, and Lango. The study adopted a quantitative research approach with a descriptive, analytical research design. Data was extracted from the UNHS 2023/2024 report and it was analyzed using descriptive methods such as mean and percentages and also analyzed statistically with methods like correlation and regression under STATA. The study findings revealed that the quality of school infrastructure and facilities is a key factor in determining how much tuition secondary schools charge. It further revealed that the geographical location of secondary schools positively determines the level of tuition fees at a insignificant level. Finally, the study found that Operational cost to be an insignificant factor that positively determines tuition fees in secondary schools after controlling for other variables. According to the study findings, it is recommended that schools should invest in affordable but modernized infrastructure to improve quality without excessively increasing tuition. Additionally, Parents should seek schools that balance affordability with quality rather than basing decisions solely on location or prestige. The government should also come in and strengthen regulatory frameworks to ensure that tuition increases are justified and within reasonable limits. Finally, Researchers should conduct secondary data analysis to measure the exact statistical strength of the relationships observed. The results in this dissertation are expected to help parents make informed decisions while making choice of secondary schools for their children by understanding factors affecting school fees. It is also expected to guide school owners on sustainable and competitive fee setting strategies. It is also anticipated to provide evidence to policy makers while coming up with fair and transparent tuition fee policies.
Determinants of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Uganda: Analysis of the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS)
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-17) Winnie Adok
This study examines the determinants of modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Uganda, using data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). The study aims to identify the socio demographic, economic, cultural, and health system factors that influence the utilization of modern contraceptive methods.A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing secondary data analysis of the UDHS 2016 dataset. Statistical techniques, including descriptive analysis and regression modeling, were used to determine the relationship between independent variables and contraceptive use.Findings indicate that factors such as education level, age, marital status, wealth index, access to health services, and knowledge of contraceptive methods significantly influence the use of modern contraceptives. Cultural and religious beliefs were also found to play a role in shaping attitudes toward contraceptive use. The study concludes that improving access to education, strengthening health systems, and increasing awareness about family planning can significantly enhance contraceptive uptake. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, health practitioners, and stakeholders in designing effective reproductive health programs in Uganda.
Influence of socioeconomic factors on household financial welfare in uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-16) Nancy Esther Guo
This paper examined the impact of socio-economic variables on the household financial welfare in Uganda based on nationally representative data of the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2023/2024. Consumption per adult equivalent and poverty status were used to measure the financial welfare of households. The study analyzed the influence of the level of education, employment status, and the number of people in the household on the household’s financial welfare, taking into consideration the age, the sex of the household head, and the place of residence. It was a quantitative cross-sectional research design. To consider the complex survey design, the analysis used survey-weighted descriptive statistics, linear regression, and logistic regression models based on the use of STATA 17. The results showed that secondary education has a great impact on improving the household financial welfare as well as minimizing the chance of poverty. But higher education did not have a statistically significant impact on the provision of welfare. The relationship between employment and household financial welfare was found to be statistically significant and negative, indicating the prevalence of low-productivity and informal jobs in Uganda. It was also found that the household size had a negative and statistically significant influence on financial welfare and highly increased the likelihood of poverty in households. Urban living was linked to better welfare and reduced risks of poverty. The study concludes that education, employment, household demographics, and location are major factors that determine the household’s financial welfare in Uganda. It suggests that more should be invested in secondary education, that quality and productivity of employment should be improved, the rural development strategies should be reinforced, and the policies should be taken to regulate demographic pressures focused on improving sustainable household welfare. Keywords: Socio-economic factors, Household financial welfare, Consumption per adult equivalent, Poverty, Uganda, UNHS 2023/24.
Barriers to accessing health services among Ugandan households
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-15) Kisa Elvis
Health services are one of the key aspects of human welfare and socio-economic development. Although the Ugandan government has been agitating to promote free primary care, it appears that many families still find it hard to access the required care. In this paper, the researcher examines economic, geographic, cultural and system level challenges that prevent Ugandan households to resort to formal health services. The research adheres to a quantitative cross-sectional study design that retrieved secondary data (UNHS,2024) of Uganda. We then proceed to run descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to understand what actually drives the ability of households to access health services. The findings indicate that the largest factor is whether a household is well at the family level and the location where they reside. As it happens, poor families and those who are in rural locations are most affected. In brief, the greatest impediments to healthcare in Uganda are still money issues and geographic isolation. The article recommends improving financial protection strategies, bridging the rural-urban gap in healthcare delivery, and increasing the services provided and their quality, particularly to under-served areas. All this provides some helpful ideas that can be advocated by policymakers to advance fairer access to healthcare and to achieve the goals of Universal Health Coverage in Uganda.
Role of household enterprises in the creation of employment among Ugandan households
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-14) Pasqual Jeremiah Nangiro
Household enterprises continue to be a staple of the Uganda labour market by taking on workers locked out of formal labour and also offering a valuable avenue of livelihood diversification. However, their real contribution to occupations’ creation as well as factors that inform this contribution are not well understood. This research analyses the contribution of household enterprises to the creation of employment in Ugandan households on the basis of nationally representative micro data on the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS) 2023/24. These objectives were to examine whether with household enterprises, the extent of job creation is influenced by individual enterprise characteristics, to examine how household socioeconomic factors influence employment outcomes in household enterprises. The analytical design used was a cross section and was based on the household and enterprise modules of the UNHS. The research has used econometric models such as Poisson and Negative Binomial regressions to produce the fluctuations in the creation of employment and some of the most important predictors. The estimation was done through the use of Stata whereby careful compliance with the survey design (weights, strata, and primary sampling units) was meticulously followed to guarantee population-representative estimates. Results showed that as much as household enterprises are common and continue to play an important role in self-employment and additional earnings, they have a small effect of generating employment opportunities, with most enterprises functioning in small, informal entities employing minimal or no extra employees. As implied by the economic endowment, the stronger and better the household had the human capital, the more likely the enterprises operated were able to hire external labour. This research concludes that household businesses are significant in the employment situation in Uganda but they are limited by structural constraints which do not allow them to generate more employment opportunities. To boost their employment-creating capacity, their employment-generating capacity needs specific interventions to enhance the availability of capital, enterprise capacities, market expansion and spatial disparities in infrastructure and economic opportunities. These findings indicate the relevance of concerted strategies of developing enterprises considering the dual household-enterprise nature of this form of businesses. The research suggests the growth of the financial inclusion programmes to the micro-enterprises, the introduction of the business development services to the districts, increasing the rural infrastructure, and setting sector-specific upgrades of the high potential categories of enterprises. The ongoing studies can be extended to understand the dynamics of enterprise survival and moving to high productivity segments over time.
Household debt as a consumption-smoothing mechanism among borrowing households in Uganda: An Econometric Analysis Using the UNHS 2023/2024 Data.
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-14) Alvin Peter Ariho
This study analyses the role of household borrowing in the process of consumption smoothing during food-insecurity shock in Uganda based on the results of the Uganda National Household Survey (UNHS 2023/24). The comparison of the total consumption and food consumption uses as a welfare measure which includes the debt intensity, asset ownership, demographic properties and place of residence. The measure of food insecurity is based on a binary shock variable, and also a severity index based on the Food Insecurity experience scale. The survey-weighted regression models used are based on robust standard errors, descriptive statistics and subgroup analyses of differences between urban and rural and asset-based. The results show that food insecurity shocks have a negative effect on household consumption, with severity-based estimates indicating that households experiencing food insecurity record approximately a 32% reduction in consumption levels. In addition, borrowing is positively related to consumption levels, where an increase in debt intensity is associated with about a 3.6% to 5.6% increase in household consumption, suggesting that credit helps relax short-term liquidity constraints. However, when examining the consumption-smoothing role of debt, the interaction between food insecurity shocks and borrowing is negative and statistically significant, indicating that borrowing does not effectively offset the adverse effects of shocks and instead reflects distress borrowing in many cases. Furthermore, this relationship varies across household groups, with rural and low-asset households experiencing stronger negative interaction effects, while urban and more asset-endowed households show weaker or insignificant effects and are therefore more resilient. The study concludes that credit alone is insufficient to cushion the vulnerable households in times of food-insecurity shocks and that credit can only help to support the short-term welfare. In order to achieve sustainability in consumption in Uganda, it is necessary to strengthen social protection and asset-building policies. Keywords: Consumption Smoothing, Household Debt, Food Insecurity, Welfare, Uganda.
Determinants of urban household concentration in Uganda: a regional analysis using 2023/2024 survey data.”
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-04-14) Jesse Magezi
Urbanization can also be noted as one of the most influential structural changes that are defining the developing economies in the twenty first century. Nonetheless, geographical distribution of urban households may be mirroring profound region inequalities and not nationwide transition. The present research investigates a model of urban household concentration in Uganda by employing codified 2023 large-scale nationally representative survey statistics on households. In particular, it examines whether the status of region and time of year affects the likelihood of a household to be urban greatly. The paper relies on the structural transformation theory and spatial inequalities frameworks to identify how a binary logistic regression model, which is estimated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation, is used to analyse the data. These findings indicate that the regional location has been found to be the main determinant of the urban classification. Compared to the Central region, the Northern, Eastern, and Western regions have households with far lesser odds of being urban confirming excellent spatial concentration. Conversely, the annual change between the 2023 and 2024, monthly seasonality are statistically insignificant, as it implies that urban settlement patterns in Uganda are stable as opposed to volatile in terms of time. The results offer micro-economic data of geographical differences in settlement patterns and support the significance of spatially balanced growth techniques. The paper determines that the key elements to implement in promoting sustainable urban transformation in Uganda include regional investment, mastering of secondary urban centres and mandatory coordination of regional planning systems.
Exploring the Effects of Government Sponsorship Programs on Students' Well-being Across Socioeconomic Strata in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-07-15) Anna Laura Tumusiime
This dissertation presents a comprehensive analysis of the effects of government sponsorship programs on the well-being of students across socioeconomic strata in Uganda. It critically examines the efficacy of such programs, particularly the Universal Secondary Education (USE) policy and public-private partnerships (PPPs), in addressing the educational needs and improving the outcomes for students from diverse economic backgrounds. Despite the noble intent of the USE policy to provide free secondary education, which has indeed resulted in a remarkable increase in enrolment rates, the policy has also led to unintended consequences such as overcrowded classrooms and diminished educational quality1. Furthermore, the study scrutinizes the equitable distribution of government sponsorships, highlighting the underrepresentation of students from northern Uganda in national merit-based scholarship awards2. The research also evaluates the role of PPPs in supplementing the educational landscape. While PPPs have contributed to increased enrolment and student performance, they have also raised concerns regarding the potential for exacerbating socioeconomic segregation3. The dissertation employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative data analysis and qualitative stakeholder interviews to provide a nuanced understanding of the impact of these sponsorship programs. The findings suggest that while government sponsorship programs have facilitated greater access to education, they have also perpetuated existing socioeconomic disparities. The dissertation identifies current challenges, such as the need for policy adjustments to ensure inclusivity and the teaching of expired courses due to accreditation loopholes4. It concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers to refine these programs, aiming to enhance the well-being of all students and to foster an equitable educational environment in Uganda.
The Impact of Mobile Phone use on Uganda Christian University Students’ Budgetary Allotments and Social Outcomes
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-09-11) Martin Mich Stefan Obbo
This research explored how students’ mobile phone use impacts their budgetary allotments and social outcomes at Uganda Christian University. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate how the effect of mobile phone expenditure on students’ budgetary allotments and social outcomes, (2) assess whether frequency and duration of mobile phone use affects students’ budget allotments and social outcomes, and (3) investigate how mobile phone dependence and usage patterns affect students’ budgetary allotments and social outcomes. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey design with a sample of 128 participants, the study employed simple random sampling to gather data through a structured questionnaire. The analysis revealed the following standardized coefficients: mobile phone expenditure (β = 0.710, t = 9.924, p = 0.085), frequency and duration of phone use (β =0.058, t = 0.816, p = 0.416), and mobile phone dependence and usage patterns (β = 0.051, t = 0.725, p = 0.470). the standardized co-efficient results revealed that only mobile phone expenditure was a significant factor in determining the impact of mobile phone use on students’ budget allotments and social outcomes. The study therefore concludes that contrary to popular belief, typical perceived factors such as mobile phone dependence usage patterns and mobile phone frequency and duration have a minimal impact on determining students’ budget allotments and social progress, at least within the jurisdiction of UCU. It is recommended that Uganda Christian University implement financial literacy programs to address comparison-driven spending especially in regards to mobile phones and promote financial prudence. Additionally, the university should strengthen financial counseling to support students in gadget addictive tendencies.
The Impact of Microfinance on SME Growth Focusing on Savings and Investment Patterns: A Case Study of Mukono District
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-09-16) Hassan Mohamud
This paper aims to analyze the influence of microfinance on the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Mukono district through an investigation of their saving and investment patterns. This paper examines the impact of financial services and training offered by microfinance institutions (MFIs) on these enterprises. This study assesses the impact of advising services on promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mukono. Employing a mixed-method study methodology, data was collected from 52 small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners via interviews and questionnaires. The participants were selected using a purposive and simple random selection technique. The sample size was adjusted according to Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) table, which offers recommendations depending on the desired confidence level and margin of error for the study population. The findings suggest that microfinance plays a crucial role in assisting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in saving and obtaining easily available services. A significant proportion of participants confirmed that microfinance offers adaptable repayment alternatives, crucial business guidance, and training that improves their operational capacities and competitiveness. Training programmer that specifically targeted technical skills were highly recognized for their capacity to enhance the manufacturing processes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In addition, participants expressed the view that receiving microfinance consultation on company strategy and resilience had a crucial role in enabling them to accomplish their business objectives within specified time limits. MFIs provide extensive assistance to SMEs, enabling them to effectively navigate financial environments and capitalize on strategic growth prospects. These findings emphasize the need for government assistance in expanding educational and financial resources to promote a strong entrepreneurial environment.
The Relevance of Data Analysis in Risk Management in Uganda:A Case Study of Uganda Bureau of Statistics UBOS
(Uganda Christian University, 2024-10-20) Babirye Imelda Nandawula
In this regard, the study analyses the importance of data analysis in pinpointing and reducing economic risks centering on features that are public debt reduction determination, inflation abatement policy, application flattering price oscillating, political instability attention, basically includes macroeconomics climate change. This would be possible through secondary data sources, which could help inform more effectively how strong technological infrastructure, expert analytical capacities and a robust governance framework can improve risk management processes even in developing countries like Uganda. The study underscores the need for using data in decision-making on economic diversification, and maintaining macro-economic stability while also stressing that more needs to be done regarding strategies of perpetuated improvement — as well as encouraging multidisciplinary approaches to deal with new challenges (IMF 2020; World Bank 2020). The research, therefore, provides more support to the promotion of good governance and anti-corruption means using data analytics is required for better transparency in public institutions (Transparency International 2020; Ugandan Ministry of Finance 2021). This is one of the findings that demonstrates how important it is to incorporate data analysis into risk management for improved organizational resilience, effective decision-making and prevention of economic stability within an increasingly complex global environment (McKinsey & Company, 2021). Lastly, the study concludes with recommendations to government policymakers, financial institutions and academic think tanks those are involved in data-driven minimizing risk management so as enables sustainable economic development not only in Uganda but similar developing economies (Davenport & Harris 2017; Provost & Fawcett 2018). This study further develops the emerging literature relevant to data-driven risk management and sets a basis for more comprehensive research on integrating rich analytics into economic risk-management practice.

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