Bachelor of Laws - Kampala Campus

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12311/1029

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The impact of oil and gas activities on the environment and climate: a case for Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-20) Anna Tereza Hope Nyapendi
This dissertation investigates how oil and gas activities affect the environment and climate in Uganda, concentrating specifically on the Albertine Graben. Using a qualitative, descriptive-analytical research design, the study assesses the effectiveness of Uganda’s regulatory framework, including the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda and the country’s petroleum laws. This research evaluates how industrial activities such as drilling, refining, and transportation contribute to habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. The paper identifies weak enforcement and the reluctance created by stabilization clauses as primary obstacles to environmental protection. It recommends strengthening enforcement mechanisms, ensuring prompt compensation for affected communities, and mandating the public disclosure of petroleum contracts to enhance accountability.
A legal analysis of sustainable forest management in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-27) Carolyne Nakigudde
This dissertation examines the legal, institutional, and policy framework governing Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) in Uganda. Despite the existence of comprehensive forestry and environmental laws, Uganda continued to experience significant deforestation and forest degradation. The study adopts a doctrinal and qualitative research methodology, relying on statutes, case law, policy documents, international instruments, and scholarly literature. The research finds that Uganda has a strong constitutional and statutory framework that recognizes environmental protection, sustainable development, and community participation. However weak enforcement, institutional inefficiencies, and limited community involvement continue to undermine sustainable forest management. Judicial decisions such as Greenwatch v Attorney General and ACODE v attorney General demonstrates the courts` supportive role in environmental protection, through practical challenges persists. The study concludes that effective sustainable forest management in Uganda requires strengthened institutional capacity, meaningful community participation, and effective domestication of international environmental obligations. Finally, the key findings of the study, conclusions and recommendations were added to the last chapter.
A critical analysis of Uganda's legal framework in addressing vitriolage: A human rights – based approach
(Uganda Christian Unversity, 2026-05-21) Jovia Kansiime
Vitriolage is a form of assault involving the throwing of acid or other similarly corrosive substances on an individual with the intention to seriously maim, disfigure torture or kill. In most cases vitriol oil/sulphuric acid is used hence the name vitriolage. In Uganda vitriolage is primarily criminalized under the Penal Code Act Cap. 128 as acts intended to cause grievous harm using corrosive substances. This study shall use a qualitative approach in assessing the effectiveness of the legal framework of Uganda in addressing vitriolage. This shall be through both primary and secondary sources such as domestic laws, case law and international legal instruments to which Uganda has ratified. In Conclusion this study shall provide valuable insights in the effectiveness of the legal framework in addressing vitriolage by identifying gaps in access to justice, access to medical care, challenges faced by the vitriolage survivors as well as the inadequacy of the Anti Vitriolage laws in Uganda.
Examining environmental laws in the extraction of oil and gas in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-15) Hellen Liz Biyinzika
The entire dissertation was examining the environmental laws in the extraction of oil and gas in Uganda. Confirming that Uganda has a very strong, firm environmental laws but the problem comes from the enforcement of these environmental laws and principles in the extraction of oil. Also comparing how other neighboring jurisdictions like Nigeria, Norway have dealt with the protection of the environment while extracting oil in Uganda. Countries like Nigeria have applied strict liability laws that were established in the case of Ryland v Fletcher [1868] LR 330 where a person brings onto his land something that is likely to cause harm and that non-natural thing escapes then the person is responsible for the damage. Such laws where incorporated in the Nigerian laws and therefore Uganda should also do the same in order to increase liability for the damage caused by the oil spills/ pollutions on the environment.
Exploring the efficacy of telemedicine in guaranteeing access to health services in rural areas in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-15) Joseph Ssempeera
This study examines the efficacy of telemedicine in guaranteeing access to health services in rural areas in Uganda. The research analyzes the non- legal and institutional framework governing telemedicine in Uganda, exploring the intersectionality of international conventions and instruments, regional, domestic legislation. The findings underscore the benefits of telemedicine, the barriers to its effective implementation and relevant bodies responsible for its implementation. The study concludes that telemedicine serves as an effective means of preventing and curbing diseases in rural areas and should urgently be incorporated in Uganda ‘s health sector. It advocates for increased awareness and civic education, empowering the responsible institutions, training of village health workers on the use of telemedicine to effectively solve the health needs of the remote dwellers. Telemedicine if effectively embraced, it can rapidly solve the health disparities of remote dwellers hence boosting the health sector in Uganda.
Efficacy of laws in curbing gender based violence (GBV) among women in Katanga, Kawempe division
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-15) Isaac Khatondi Mawululu
Gender-based violence in all its forms has significantly affected women in Katanga, Kawempe Division, and throughout the country. This has resulted in greater dependency, limited access to decision-making, restricted political participation, and obstacles in achieving career aspirations. Consequently, there are rising instances of women's submission to male decision making, a decline in girls' education, inadequate representation of women's needs, and elevated rates of violence against adult women. In light of these issues, this study aims to raise awareness about the suppression of women, identify the factors contributing to this problem, and develop various strategies to address it. The research is organized as follows: Chapter One offers a comprehensive background along with the objectives, literature review focusing on existing academic studies regarding the effectiveness of laws in combating gender based violence among women and outlines the methodology and various methods for data collection and analysis. Chapter Two presents the Non- Legal Aspects of GBV. Chapter Three presents the legal framework surrounding gender-based violence in Uganda. Finally, Chapter Four presents findings from the exploration of gender-based violence occurrences, highlighting key factors that contribute to this issue and includes conclusions and recommendations based on the data analysis.
Toward a harmonized ADR frame work: Analyzing the legal and regulatory challenges of integrating cross ODR into existing ADR enforceability mechanisms
(Uganda Christian Unversity, 2026-05-15) Flavia Bakka
The rapid expansion of digital commerce and cross-border transactions has intensified the need for effective Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanisms. While Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) frameworks—such as arbitration and mediation—are well-established in international law, integrating ODR into these enforceability structures presents significant legal and regulatory challenges. This paper examines the tension between efficiency and legitimacy in cross-border ODR, focusing on jurisdictional ambiguity, choice-of-law constraints, and the enforceability of arbitral awards and mediated settlements. It argues that harmonization requires both doctrinal innovation and design-based solutions, including layered consent, documentation standards, and compliance mechanisms that bridge online processes with offline enforcement. By analyzing treaty frameworks such as the New York Convention (1958) and the Singapore Convention on Mediation (2018), alongside emerging regulatory practices, the study highlights pathways toward a harmonized ADR framework that embeds procedural justice, data integrity, and cross-border recognition. Ultimately, the paper contends that trust in ODR depends not only on legal enforceability but also on platform accountability and regulatory cooperation, making harmonization as much a design problem as a doctrinal one.
Evaluating the effectiveness environmental taxation on greenhouse gas emissions reduction in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-05-13) Immaculate Akwar
Environmental degradation and climate change present significant challenges to sustainable development in Uganda, with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions increasing due to population growth, urbanisation, industrialisation and rising energy demand. In response, Uganda has adopted various policy instruments, including environmental taxation, as part of its broader climate change mitigation framework. This study examines the effectiveness of environmental taxation in reducing GHG emissions in Uganda. The research adopts a doctrinal and nondoctrinal research approach, relying primarily on secondary data sources, including legislation, policy documents, emissions inventories, tax records and existing literature. Quantitative emissions data and qualitative policy analysis are used to assess trends in GHG emissions before and after the introduction of environmental tax measures, as well as behavioural responses by firms and households. The research is grounded in Pigouvian tax theory, which advocates the use of fiscal instruments that is tax, on market activities generating negative externalities and, in this case, to internalise environmental externalities. While various reports and research have been conducted on adverse effects of climate change, there is limited to no research on climate change that is attributable to GHG emissions, thus the reason for this research is to make an addition to the literal works in that regard. My research assesses the effectiveness of environmental taxation in reducing GHG emissions in Uganda, and it looks at the current fiscal policy in relation to the environment and how analyses how these taxes have impacted GHG emissions and climate change at large. The research also points out the challenges faced in the bid to reduce GHG emissions and suggests possible solutions. My research looks at the various laws both domestic and international that are implemented by Uganda in its environmental obligations and at achieving climate change goals.
Inadequacies in the African Regional Aviation Legal Framework, and Comparative Insights; Bridging the Gap.
(Uganda Christian University, 2026-02-15) Ssemwogerere Stuart
The inadequacies of Africa's aviation legal framework underscore a profound disparity between regional aspirations and national realities. The Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) embodies a bold initiative towards continental integration, yet its success is contingent upon addressing entrenched protectionism, fiscal inefficiencies, and the neglect of passenger rights. Through a comparative analysis of Western paradigms, including the European Union's Single European Sky and the United States' deregulation, this study distills critical lessons for African aviation reform. This research advocates for a comprehensive overhaul, emphasizing the imperative of a binding supranational authority, standardized passenger protections, and a specialized African Aviation Tribunal. By embracing a rules-based regime and empowering a centralized regulatory body, Africa can unlock its aviation potential, fostering a unified, efficient, and prosperous sky that prioritizes economic growth, safety, and consumer welfare.
Unlocking Economic Potential
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-28) Shantal Kirabo Katimbo
This work addresses the critical challenge of safeguarding Uganda's Traditional Medicine (TM). While TM is a vital healthcare resource and a cornerstone of the nation's cultural heritage, its significant economic potential remains largely unrealized. Despite Uganda's existing Intellectual Property (IP) policies and international commitments, key gaps persist. These include slow legal operationalization and a fundamental incompatibility between conventional IP systems and the communal, orally transmitted nature of traditional knowledge. This situation is worsened by a widespread lack of IP awareness among traditional healers and insufficient documentation of their knowledge. This deficit in IP awareness directly impedes equitable commercialization and heightens the threat of biopiracy. Foreign entities can exploit these vulnerabilities to appropriate communally owned knowledge without compensation, eroding indigenous sovereignty and cultural identity. The core purpose of this study is to propose effective IP protection strategies for Traditional Herbal Medicine in Uganda. This aims to ensure both economic empowerment and the enduring preservation of cultural heritage. It advocates for adapting successful global models to Uganda's unique socio-cultural and economic context through expedited policy implementation, targeted IP capacity building, and robust benefit-sharing mechanisms.
The Impact of Land Related Disputes on Women's Livelihood in Sebei
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-30) Martha Faith Aeko
The advent of land related disputes on women’s livelihoods within Sebei region has sparked an intense debate about the issues that arise out of such disputes. While there are various laws and literature that have tried to solve this issue, it still remains underscored and still a major problem affecting how the women live their lives. This work analyzes and examines the tension between these land related disputes, highlighting the loopholes within the current laws and other various literature. A critical analysis of the laws depicts that there is a gap in the realization of women’s rights. The research argues for a more nuanced approach, one that reconciles the law with rights of women.
A Right to Inclusive Education for Persons with Disabilities in Universities in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-23) Christine Elizabeth Acam
Uganda has progressive laws and policies that promote inclusive education at all levels. This dissertation examines the realization of the right to inclusive education for persons with disabilities in universities. The study uses desktop research to look at legal documents, policies, and academic writings. The study finds that some public universities have made efforts like creating disability support centres and admitting students with disabilities through an affirmative action scheme. However, most private universities fall short of this practice. Generally, in both public and private universities, students with disabilities are experiencing exclusion due to inaccessible buildings, a lack of support services, and limited awareness among university staff. This dissertation recommends staff training on disability inclusion, increasing funding, modifying infrastructure, adapting ICT and library services, and implementing disability policies to realize disability inclusion in universities.
The Effectiveness of the Bar in Enhancing Uganda's Judicial Accountability
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-27) Barbara Namata
Judicial accountability is a key element that is increasingly gaining prominence across many parts of the world. It is a principle that emphasizes that judicial officers are held responsible for their omissions or commissions in line with their judicial duties. The principle of judicial accountability is a critical factor in fostering the independence and the integrity of courts. However, as the study has noted, the principle of judicial accountability is quite a contentious one, especially as regards to protecting the independence of the judiciary. The study notes the critical role of the Bar Associations in promoting the accountability of courts in their jurisdictions. With regard to Uganda, it showcases the role the Uganda Law Society, which is the country’s national Bar Association, has played in advancing the element of judicial accountability in the country. It observes the Association’s role in the recruitment and the enforcement of discipline among judicial officers by virtue of its membership in the Judicial Service Commission, an avenue that allows it to hold judges to account for their actions and decisions. Additionally, the study also observes the critical role of the body in protecting and defending the judiciary against threats, attacks and unfair criticisms against judicial officers from the public and the Executive. These acts tend to erode public trust in the judiciary as well as erode and undermine the integrity of the courts. The study identifies challenges of limited participation of the public in the recruitment of the judges, the unclear processes in the selection of the public representatives to the JSC, the poor relationship between the judiciary and the Uganda Law Society, and the lack of respect for the independence and the decisions of court as some of the hindrances to the advancement of judicial accountability in Uganda. The study recommends the creation of avenues to provide room for public participation in the recruitment process of judicial officers, the development of guidelines for selection of a representative of the public’s representative to the JSC, including Opposition members of Parliament in the JSC, improved relations between the Bar and the Bench, and respect of court decisions and processes by the Executive and the public.
Assessing the Impact of Medical Negligence and Access to Justice in Uganda
(Uganda Christian Univesity, 2025-05-27) Joseline Nambi
Medical negligence is an unbearable worry and significant concern in the healthcare system filled in the hearts and minds of patients regardless of one’s financial status which results into harm to patients’ lives causing both psychological and physical disabilities. This leads to increased healthcare costs to rectify the errors or omissions and erodes trust in the healthcare system. Practicing safe and up to the required standard methods of medication and treatment is expected to be the back bone of the health worker’s ethical and professional standards. Health workers tend to neglect their sworn values, ethics and standards of practices either intentionally or negligently which puts the health of patients in jeopardy. These can be seen through wrongful acts like misdiagnosis, wrong prescriptions of medicines, improper surgeries carried out, and so many other acts or omissions where they deliberately refuse or fail to do what is required of them. The victims to such actions remain with just one alternative, which is to seek for justice from the institutional frame works that government the health profession in Uganda. The question then remains, whether this justice is attained and can fully fill up and put together the broken pieces. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of medical negligence and access to justice in Uganda. The study sought to discuss the legal frame work surrounding medical negligence in Uganda by analyzing and assessing how best the legal and institutional frame work has played a role in ensuring that the victims to medical negligence access the justice they deserve and addressing the matter.
The Role of NGO's in the Realisation of the Right to Health in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-23) Doreen Atuheirwe
This research study discusses NGO’s role in realising the right to health in Uganda, with a particular focus on NGO’s. It explores the legal and non-legal aspects governing role of NGO’s in realization of the right to health. It is a combination of library data collection analysis and doctrinal research it identifies the challenges that affect NGO’s in the realization of the right to health, the comparative models between South Africa and India in the way they handle the right to health and how Uganda as a country can adopt some of the methods and ways they use in making the right to health a fundamental human right for its population. This study recommends various amendments in the statutory laws of Uganda such as the Public Health Act, NGO Act and The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995, as Amended, to acknowledge the right to health as a fundamental human right .
Examination the Efficacy of Alternative Dispute Resolution in Intellectual Property Disputes Settlement: Arbitration in Copyright Disputes
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-27) Christine Nanziri
This study examines the role of arbitration in resolving copyright disputes in Uganda, emphasizing the effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms in facilitating timely access to justice and alleviating case backlog. The research analyzes the legal and institutional framework governing arbitration and copyright protection in Uganda, exploring the interplay of international conventions, regional instruments, and domestic legislation. The findings underscore the benefits of arbitration in copyright disputes, including expedited resolution, reduced costs, and confidentiality, while also proposing practical approaches for dispute resolution through arbitration. The study concludes that arbitration serves as an effective means of resolving copyright disputes in Uganda, presenting a viable alternative to traditional litigation. It recommends increasing awareness and education about arbitration, strengthening institutions, and training more arbitrators with expertise in copyright issues. By embracing arbitration and other ADR mechanisms, stakeholders can effectively navigate the complexities of intellectual property disputes, thereby fostering innovation, creativity, and collaboration within Uganda's creative industries.
Evaluating the Ethical Implications of Mass Surveillance on Individual Rights in Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-27) Shafick Ssekandi
This dissertation explores the ethical implications of mass surveillance on individual rights in Uganda. With the increasing digitization of society, governments are implementing surveillance technologies ostensibly to ensure national security, in Uganda; these efforts have raised concerns regarding the protection of privacy, data security, and civil liberties. The study investigates the extent of surveillance, assesses its impact on individual freedoms, and evaluates the existing legal and ethical frameworks. Using a qualitative research methodology, the research analyses laws such as the Computer Misuse Act (2011),the Regulation of Interception of Communications Act (2010),and Ant-Terrorism Act (2002),and juxtaposes these against human rights principles. Findings show that while surveillance has benefits, such as crime prevention, it often lacks oversight, transparency, and accountability, leading to abuses of power. The study concludes that Uganda’s current surveillance regime disproportionately prioritizes state security over individual rights, creating an ethical imbalance. Recommendations include strengthening legal safeguards, judicial oversight and enhancing public awareness on digital rights.
A Comparative Analysis of the South Sudan Constitution Making Process with Other East Africa Countries
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-28) Michael Saki Wani
The South Sudan Constitution Making Process provide an opportunity for the Country to address governance, economic, social issues and others facing the Country for decades now. However, it’s important for the process to appreciate democratic principles by ensuring that there’s active participation of the citizens and their views are reflected in the final constitutional text. In writing the new constitution for South Sudan, it’s equally important that the Country borrows past and present experiences of the East African Countries especially appreciating their processes, procedures and institutions charged by the responsibility of spearheading the process as provided by law. The Constitution Making Process Act establishes key institutions such as the National Constitution Review Commission (NCRC), The National Constitutional Conference (NCC), Preparatory Committee and the Drafting Committee. These institutions were charged with different responsibilities for ensuring a transparent, accountable, credible and legitimate Constitution Making Process. However, the process is faced with a number of challenges including lack of political will by the leadership, lack of resources, failure to implement the Revitalized Peace Agreement, political and security tensions in the Country, leadership failure and others. The study recommends the review of the Constitution Making Process Act to narrow the existing lacunas in the law, provide budgetary allocation of funds to the institution, constitutional referendum, reform draconian security laws, ensure judicial independence and impartiality and others.
The Right to Health and its Symbiotic Relationship with other Human Rights
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-28) Martha Faith Nakaggwa
This dissertation investigates the symbiotic relationship between the right to health and other fundamental human rights within the Ugandan context. Framed within a qualitative methodology, the study employs doctrinal analysis of legal instruments, scholarly literature, and policy frameworks to explore how access to healthcare is intrinsically tied to rights such as education, food, water, housing, and non-discrimination. Uganda, though a signatory to key international human rights treaties, faces persistent challenges in operationalising these commitments due to inadequate infrastructure, weak enforcement mechanisms, and systemic inequality. The research reveals that health outcomes in Uganda are not solely influenced by medical interventions but are deeply shaped by social, economic, and political determinants. Vulnerable populations, especially women, children, and rural communities, remain disproportionately affected by health system failures. The study emphasises that the absence of a comprehensive rights-based approach undermines progress toward health equity and development. It concludes that the right to health in Uganda cannot be realised in isolation. Legal recognition must be complemented by effective implementation, robust accountability mechanisms, and intersectoral collaboration. Key recommendations include legal reform, increased domestic health financing, anti-corruption strategies, and enhanced civic education on health rights. Ultimately, the research affirms that health is not only a right in itself but also a foundation upon which the broader framework of human dignity and human development depends.
Implications of the General Data Protection Regulation on International Data Protection Practices: A Case of Uganda
(Uganda Christian University, 2025-05-27) Peace Kamakune
This study examines the implications of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on international data protection practices, with a specific focus on Uganda. The research assesses the alignment of Uganda’s Data Protection and Privacy Act (DPPA) with GDPR standards, identifying critical gaps in scope, enforcement, and compliance mechanisms. Using a qualitative research methodology, the study analyzes legal texts, policy documents, and case studies to evaluate Uganda’s regulatory framework. Key findings reveal that the DPPA lacks extraterritorial applicability, stringent penalties, and robust enforcement mechanisms compared to the GDPR, undermining its effectiveness in safeguarding personal data. Additionally, weak public awareness and inconsistent enforcement hinder Uganda’s ability to attract foreign investment in the digital economy. The study recommends legal reforms, institutional capacity building, and public awareness campaigns to align Uganda’s data protection practices with global standards, ensuring enhanced privacy rights and economic growth.

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